ACID 



32 



ACID 



phin. Crystallizes with 3H 2 in white lamina, 

 readily soluble in hot water and alcohol. Ferric salts 

 color the acid solutions dark red. A., Melilotic 

 (C 6 H 4 (CH 2 ) 2 .OH.C0 2 H), occurs free and in com- 

 bination with coumarin in the yellow melilot. Crys- 

 tallizes in long needles, dissolves easily in hot water, 

 and melts at 8i°. A., Mellitic (C 12 H 6 ]2 ), occurs in 

 mellite or honey-stone, which is found in some lignite 

 beds. Honey-stone is an aluminium salt of mellitic 

 acid, C 12 Al 2 O u + i8H 2 0, and affords large quadratic 

 pyramids of a bright yellow color. Mellitic acid crys- 

 tallizes in fine, silky needles, readily soluble in water and 

 alcohol ; has a sour, bitter taste. A., Mellophanic 

 (C 6 H 2 (C0 2 H) 4 ), formed by the oxidation of isodurene. 

 Very soluble in cold water and crystallizes in small 

 prisms. Melts at 240 . A., Mesidic. See A. 

 Uritic. A., Mesitylenic (C 9 Hi O 2 ), obtained by 

 gradually oxidizing mesitylene with dilute HN0 3 . 

 Crystallizes from alcohol in large prisms, from water 

 in needles. Melts at 166 and sublimes very readily. 

 A., Metaphosphoric (HP0 3 ), a glassy solid, not 

 volatile by heat. It is freely soluble in cold water, 

 and is converted by boiling into orthophosphoric 

 acid. Used as a test for albumin in the urine. A., 

 Metasaccharic (C 6 H 10 O 8 ), produced by oxidizing 

 arabinose carboxylic acid with HN0 3 . Melts at 68° 

 when air-dried. A., Mucic (C 6 H 10 O 8 ), is obtained in 

 the oxidation of dulcitol, milk-sugar, galactose, galac- 

 tose acid and nearly all the gum varieties. A white 

 crystalline powder, almost insoluble in cold water and 

 alcohol. It melts at 210 with decomposition. A., 

 Muriatic. See A. , Hydrochloric. A., Myronic [fivpov, 

 unguent] (C ]0 H I9 NS 2 O 10 ), an acid that occurs as a 

 potassium salt in the seeds of black mustard. Crystallizes 

 from water in bright needles. A., Nitric (HN0 3 ), a 

 liquid consisting of 68 per cent, absolute acid in 32 

 per cent, of water. The pure acid is colorless, fum- 

 ing, and highly caustic. A very powerful escharotic, 

 used in cauterization of chancres and phagedenic 

 ulcers. A., Nit., Dilute, contains ten per cent, abso- 

 lute acid. Dose mjij-xv, well diluted. A., Nitro- 

 hydrochloric, Aqua Regia, a golden yellow, fuming 

 mixture of four parts nitric and 15 of hydrochloric acid. 

 A ready solvent of gold. Valuable in affections of the 

 liver. Dose TT\v-xx, very dilute. A., Noropianic 

 (C H H 6 5 ), is obtained from opianic acid by heating 

 with hydriodic acid. Readily soluble in water; melt- 

 ing at 171 . A., Oleic (C 18 H 34 2 ), a constituent 

 acid present in many fats and oils. Obtained in the 

 manufacture of stearin candles. Soluble in alcohol, 

 benzol, and the essential oils; insoluble in water. 

 Saponifies when heated with alkaline bases. Used in 

 making the oleates. It is a colorless oil that crystal- 

 lizi •-. on cooling. Melts at -f- 14 . Odorless in a pure 

 condition, hut becomes rancid on exposure to the air. 

 A., Opianic (< 'mil,/),), dimethyl ether of noropianic 

 acid. ( 'ry-.tallizes from hot water in line prisms, melt- 

 ing at 150 . A., Orsellinic (C„H 8 4 ), is found in 

 dillcrent lichens of the genera Roccella and Le- 

 ant' in. Consists of easily soluble prisms, melting at 

 176 . A., Ortho-oxybenzoic. See .-/. Salicylic. 

 A., Orthophosphoric (HjPOJ, ordinary phosphoric 

 acid, as distinguished from metaphosphoric and pyn>- 

 phosphoric aeids. A., Osmic (Os0 4 ), the oxide "I* 

 osmium, one of the nxtt elements ; it occurs as yellow 



crystals, acrid, burning, yielding an intensely irritating 

 vapor; it has been recommended for hypodermatic use 

 in [lands, and cancer* A., Osmic, 



Liq.. "\jv-vj,hyp<»l(Tniuli( ally for 



sciatica, m oralgia, tU . Pota s sium Otmatt ( K.,< )s0 4 4- 

 2IU »i, iMvrn in epilepsy. Doae gr. ,.,',. A., Oxalic 

 (C,H,0 4 ), a colorless crystalline solid obtained by 



treating sawdust with caustic soda and potash. It oc- 

 curs in many plants chiefly as potassium oxalate ; with 

 two parts of water, it crystallizes in fine, transparent 

 monoclinic prisms that at 20 effloresce in dry air and 

 fall in a white powder. It is soluble in nine parts of 

 water at moderate temperature and quite easily in al- 

 cohol. In y^ gr. doses a depressant to respiratory 

 centers. In large doses a violent poison. Unof. A., 

 Oxamic (C 2 2 (NH 2 OH)), a monobasic acid occurring 

 as a crystalline powder that dissolves with difficulty in 

 cold water and melts at 1 7 3 . A., Oxyacetic. See A., 

 Glycollic. A., Oxycitric (C 6 H 8 8 ), is produced by 

 boiling chlorcitric acid with alkalies or water. A. , Oxy- 

 uvitic (C 9 H 8 5 ), is produced by the action of chloro- 

 form upon sodium aceto-acetic ester. Crystallizes from 

 hot water in fine needles, and melts with decomposition 

 at about 290 . A., Palmitic (C 16 H 32 2 ), an acid exist- 

 ing as a glycerin ether in palm-oil and in most of the 

 solid fats. It forms fine, white needles, or pearly crys- 

 talline scales. A., Palmitolic (C 16 H 28 0. 2 ), an acid 

 that is isomeric with linoleic acid; melts at 42 . A., 

 Palmitoxylic (C ]6 H 28 4 ) , a monobasic acid, produced 

 from palmitolic acid on heating with fuming HN0 3 . 

 Melts at 67 . A., Paracresotic (C 8 H 9 3 ), a pre- 

 paration from paracresylol . It is employed usually in 

 the form of its sodium salt, C 8 H 7 Na0 3 , which is a safe 

 and reliable antipyretic. It is especially of service in 

 the rheumatism of children. Dose, to children, gr. ij- 

 iij ; to adults up to 3 i j . Unof. A., Paralactic. See A., 

 Sarcolactic. A., Paratartaric. See A., Racemic. A., 

 Pelargonic (C 9 H 18 2 ), a complex ether that imparts 

 the specific flavor to geranium and certain other 

 aromatic oils. A., Perosmic. Same as A., Osmic. 

 A., Phenylacetic ( C 6 H v CH 2 .C0 2 H ), Alphatoluic 

 Acid, obtained from benzyl cyanid when boiled with 

 alkalies. Crystallizes in shining leaflets, resembling 

 those of benzoic acid; melts at 76.5 , and boils at 

 262 . It is prescribed in coughs and tuberculosis; is 

 stimulant and antihectic. Dose of alcoholic solution 

 gtt. x-xx. Unof. A., Phenyl-propionic. See A., 

 Hydrocinnamic . A., Phenyl Sulphate, a solution of 

 three grammes of phenol in 20 c.c. of strong sulphuric 

 acid. Used for the detection of nitrates in water. 

 A., Phosphoric (H 3 P0 4 ), Orthophosphoric Acid, con- 

 tains 50 per cent, each of acid and water. Of value in 

 strumous affections, and thought to be serviceable in 

 dissolving phosphatic deposits. Has none of the effects 

 derived from free phosphorus or the hypophosphites. 

 A., Phosphoric, Dilute, contains ten per cent, of 

 absolute acid. Dose TT^v-xxx. See Sodium, Potas- 

 sium, Calcium, etc. A., Phosphorous (H 3 P0 3 ), a 

 compound of hydrogen with phosphorus and hydro- 

 gen with phosphorus anhydrid. Its salts are 

 called phosphites. A., Phthalic (C 8 H 6 4 ), the or- 

 tho-dicarboxylic acid of benzene, obtained by oxidiz- 

 ing naphthalene with HN0 3 . It crystallizes in short 

 prisms or in leaflets readily soluble in hot water, alco- 

 hol, and ether. It melts at above 200 . See PktkakUe. 

 A., Picric (C„H 2 (N0 2 ) 3 OH), obtained by the nitration 

 of phenol. It crystallizes from hot water and alcohol 

 in yellow leaflets or prisms which possess a very bitter 

 taste. Readily soluble in hot water, its solution im- 

 parting a beautiful yellow color to silk and wool. It 

 melts at 122.5 ; a saturated solution is of some value 

 as a wash in erysipelas. An excellent test for albumin 

 and sugar in mine. Dose gr. v-xv. A., Pimelic 

 (( '_ 1 1 ,.,< >,), [sopropy I Succinic Acid, melts at 114 . A.. 

 Piperic (C I2 II 10 O 4 ), a monobasic acid, consisting of 

 shining prisms ; almost insoluble in water, and crystal- 

 lizes from alcohol in long needles, melting at 217 . It 

 is produced from piperin by boiling with alcoholic 

 potash. A., Porrisic. See A., Euxanthinic. A., 



