ACID 



33 



ACID 



Prehnitic (C^HgOg), results from oxidizing prehnitol 

 with potassium permanganate. Very soluble in water, 

 and crystallizes in warty masses that melt at 238 . A., 

 Propargylic. See A., Propiolic. A., Propiolic. 

 (C,H,( J.,), Propargylic Acid, a liquid with an odor re- 

 sembling that of glacial acetic acid ; when cool, it 

 solidifies to silky needles, that melt at 4- 6° ; dissolves 

 readily in water, alcohol, and ether; boils with de- 

 composition at 144 . A., Protocatechuic (C-H 6 4 ), 

 obtained from many benzene derivatives as well as 

 from various resins (benzoin, asafetida, myrrh) on 

 fusion with potassium hydroxid. Crystallizes with 

 one molecule of water in shining needles or leaflets, 

 and dissolves readily in hot water, alcohol, and ether. 

 A., Prussic. See A., Hydrocyanic. A., Purpuric 

 (C g H 3 X 5 Og), an acid not known in the free state, 

 since as soon as it is liberated from its salts by mineral 

 acids it immediately decomposes into alloxan and 

 uramil. Produced by the action of HNO, upon uric 

 acid. A., Pyrogallic (C 6 H 6 3 ), pyrogallol, formed 

 by heating gallic acid with water to 2IO° It forms 

 white leaflets or needles, melts at 115 , and sublimes 

 when carefully heated. Readily soluble in water, less 

 so in alcohol and ether. It is useful in the treatment 

 of certain skin diseases, but is poisonous, and must be 

 used with caution. A., Pyroligneous, the crude 

 acid obtained in the destructive distillation of wood. 

 It is a clear liquid of reddish-brown color and strong 

 acid taste, with a peculiar penetrating odor described as 

 empyreumatic, due largely to the furfurol it contains. 

 It possesses a sp. gr. of from I.018 to 1. 030, and 

 contains from four to seven per cent, of real acetic 

 acid. A., Pyromellitic (C^HgOg), is produced by 

 oxidizing durene and durylic acid with potassium per- 

 manganate. Crystallizes in prisms, readily soluble in 

 hot water and alcohol, melts at 264 . A., Pyrophos- 

 phoric, the dihydric phosphate (2H 2 O.P 2 5 ), one of 

 the forms of the so-called phosphoric acid. It differs 

 from the ordinary (trihydric or orthophosphoric) acid, 

 and also from the monohydric, or metaphosphoric, 

 acid, in its reactions. It is also poisonous, which they 

 are not. Its iron salt is used in medicine. The pure 

 acid is a soft, glassy mass. A., Pyrotartaric (C 5 H 8 - 

 4 ), is obtained by heating tartaric acid in a close 

 vessel ; consi-ts of small, rhombic prisms, readily solu- 

 ble in water, in alcohol, and in ether ; it melts at 112°. 

 A., Pyruvic (C 3 H t O :J ), a monobasic acid forming 

 crystalline compounds with the acid alkaline sulphites. 

 A., Quillaic, an acid existing in commercial sa- 

 ponin. Injected into the tissues it is said to be ex- 

 tremely poisonous, though not when taken by the 

 mouth. Unof. A., Quinaldinic (C 9 H 6 X(C0 2 H) ), 

 crystallizes from hot water in needles containing 

 2H.,0 ; effloresces in the air; melts at 156 . Prepared 

 by oxidizing a-methyl-quinolin with chromic acid in 

 sulphuric acid solution. A., Quinic (C 7 H 12 O s ), is 

 present in the cinchona barks, coffee beans, bilberry, 

 and other plants. Obtained as a secondary' product in 

 the preparation of quinin. Consists of rhombic 

 prisms, easilv soluble in water ; melting at 162 . A., 

 Quininic (C 9 H 5 (O.CH 3 )N(C0 2 H) ), obtained by oxi- 

 dizing quinin and quinidin with chromic acid in sul- 

 phuric acid solution. Crystallizes in long, yellow 

 prisms ; dissolves in alcohol with a blue fluorescence, 

 and melts at 280 . A., Racemic (C 4 H 6 6 ), Para- 

 tartaric Acid, differing from common tartaric acid, 

 not in chemical but in physical properties. A., 

 Rheinic. See A., Chrysophanic. A., Rhodanic 

 (CjHjSpX), obtained by the action of CXS(NH 4 ) 

 upon chloracetic acid. Consists of yellow prisms, or 

 plates, that melt at 169 with decomposition. A., 

 Ricinoleic (CjgH^O^, is present in castor oil in the 

 3 



form of a glycerid. It is a colorless oil that solidifies 

 in the cold to a hard, white mass, melting at 16-17 . 

 A., Rosolic (C^HjgOj), a phenol compound, derived 

 from rosanilin; valued as a dye and as a staining 

 agent. See Stains. A., Rufigallic (C 14 H 8 8 +- 2rl 2 - 

 O), a derivative of anthracene ; obtained by heating 

 gallic acid with four parts of H 2 SO t to 140 . Consists 

 of reddish-brown crystals, losing water at 120 , and 

 subliming in red needles. A., Saccharic. 1. Acidum 

 saccharicum (C 6 H 10 O 8 ) , a dibasic acid; a deliquescent, 

 gummy mass, readily soluble in alcohol. It turns 

 brown at ioo° and decomposes. Prepared by the 

 action of HX0 3 on sugar and various other carbohy- 

 drates. 2. (C 6 H 12 6 ), Tetraoxycaproic Acid, a mono- 

 basic acid readily changeable, when free, into its 

 lactone, saccharin. Not known in its free state. A., 

 Saccharonic (C 6 H 10 O-), formed by oxidizing sac- 

 charin by HNO3. Very soluble in water ; forms large 

 crystals. A., Salicylic (CHgO;,), Ortho-oxybenzoic 

 Acid, occurs in a free condition in the buds of Spiraa 

 dinar ia, in the oil of wintergreen, and in other varie- 

 ties of gaultheria. It consists of four-sided prisms and 

 crystallizes readily from hot water in long needles. 

 Is soluble in water, and very soluble in chloroform ; 

 melts at I55°-I56°. Is a powerful antiseptic ; also used 

 in the treatment of acute articular rheumatism and my- 

 algia. A., Santoninic (Cj-H^OJ , an acid into which 

 santonin is changed under the influence of the alkalies. 

 A., Sarcolactic (C 3 Hg0 3 ), occurs in muscles, to 

 which it gives their acid reaction, and in blood, espe- 

 cially after the muscles have been in a state of contract- 

 ing activity. It is also found in urine in phosphorus 

 poisoning. A. Sclerotinic. An acid found in ergot, 

 of which it is one of the active principles. Given , hypo- 

 dermically it has acted as an ecbolic. See Sclerotis. 

 A., Sorbic (C 6 H 8 2 ), occurs together with malic acid 

 in the juice of unripe mountain-ash berries. An oil that 

 does not solidify until it has been heated with potash ; 

 almost insoluble in cold water, but crystallizes from 

 alcohol in long needles, melting at 134. 5 , distilling 

 at 228 without decomposition. A., Sozolic. See 

 Aseptol. A., Sphingostearic, an acid closely re- 

 sembling stearic acid, derivable from sphingomyelin. 

 A., Stearic (CjgHjgC^), associated with palmitic and 

 oleic acids as a mixed ether, in solid animal fats, 

 the tallows ; crystallizes from alcohol in brilliant leaf- 

 lets, melting at 62. 2° C. A., Stearoleic (C^HjjOj), 

 obtained from oleic and elaidic acids. Melts at48°. A., 

 Stearoxylic (C 18 H 32 4 ), produced bv warming stearo- 

 leic acid. Melts at 86°. A., Suberic (C 8 H u 4 ), 

 a dibasic acid obtained by boiling corks or fatty oils 

 with HXO3. Melts at 140 C. Forms small granular 

 crystals very soluble in boiling water, in alcohol, and 

 in ether. It fuses at about 300 F., and sublimes 

 in acicular crystals. A., Succinic (C 4 H 6 4 ), an 

 acid prepared by the distillation of amber, and arti- 

 ficially in many other ways ; occurs in certain hydatid 

 cy?ts of the liver ; diuretic, stimulant, and antispasmo- 

 dic. Unof. A., Sulfydric. See A., Hydros u Iphnric . 

 A., Sulphanilic (C 6 H 4 (XH,).S0 3 H), obtained by 

 heating anilin (1 part) with fuming H,S0 4 (2 parts) to 

 l8o° until SO, appears. Crystallizes in rhombic plates 

 with one molecule of water, which effloresce in the 

 air. A., Sulphichthyolic, an acid that appears 

 to be the principal component of commercial ichthyol. 

 Its sodium, ammonium, lithium, and zinc salts have 

 been highly praised as efficacious in cystitis, nephritis, 

 and diabetes. Dose grs. iss in pill or capsule. A., 

 Suiphocarbolic (C 6 H-HS0 4 ), phenyl bisulphate, 

 formed by the union of carbolic and sulphuric acids. 

 Its salts, the sulpho-carbolates, are used in medicine 

 as intestinal antiseptics, etc. See Aseptol. A., 



