ABBREVIATIONS 



ABBREVIATIONS USED IN OTOLOGY. 



a Applied to or in contact with Auricle. 



A. C Air-conduction. 



A. D Auris dextra — Right Ear. 



A. S Auris sinistra — Left Ear. 



B. C Bone-conduction. 



c Contact. 



d Dentes — applied to Teeth. 



P Tuning-fork. 



gl. Glabella— applied to Forehead. 



h Hearing Power. 



L Left Ear. 



m Applied to Mastoid. 



Meat. Aud. Ext.; 



M. E External Auditory Meatus. 



Meat. Aud. Int. ; 



M.I Internal Auditory Meatus. 



Men. dis MSniSre's disease. 



M. flac Membrauaflaccida; Shrapnell's membrane. 



M. T. : Mt. ... Mcmbrana tympani. 



Myring Myringitis. 



O Complete Lack of Perception of Sound. 



ot. ext. ac Otitis externa acuta. 



ot. ext. chron. . . Otitis externa chronica. 



ot. ext. diflf. . . . Otitis externa diffusa. 



ot. med. sup. ac. . Otitis media suppurativa acuta. 



ot. med. sup. 



chron Otitis media suppurativa chronica. 



Pol Politzer's. 



Pol. Ac Politzer's Acoumeter. 



R Right Ear. 



S Susurrus— a Whisper. 



t Applied to Temple. 



Tymp. ...... Tympanum. 



ub Unique — when applied at all points. 



v Voice. 



V Applied to Vertex. 



vib Vibration. 



z. Applied to Zygoma. 



' Foot. 



" Inches. 



oo Heard, but not Understood. 



— R Rinnfi's Test Positive. 



— R Rinne's Test Negative. 



ABBREVIATIONS USED IN ELECTROTHERAPEUTICS. 



A., or An Anode. 



Amp Ampere 



A. C Anodal Closing. 



A. C. C Anodal Closure Contraction. 



A. C. O Anodal Closing Odor. 



A. C. P Anodal Closing Picture. 



A. C. S Anodal Closing Sound. 



A. D Anodal Duration. 



A. D. C Anodal Duration Contraction. 



A. M Ampere-meter. 



A. O Anodal Opening. 



A. O. C Anodal Opening Contraction. 



A. O. O Anodal Opening Odor. 



A. O. P Anodal Opening Picture. 



A. O. S Anodal Opening Sound. 



B Magnetic Induction. 



B. A. U British Association Unit. 



C Centigrade ; Current ; Cathode. 



C. C Cathodal Closure. 



C. C. C Cathodal Closure Contraction. 



C. C C." Various Degrees of Contraction. 



C. C. T Cathodal Closing Tetanus. 



C. G. S. Units. . . Centimeter-gram-second Units. 



CO Cathodal Opening. 



C. O. C Cathodal Opening Cotitraction. 



C. S Current-strength. 



D Duration ; Density. 



De. R Reaction of Degeneration. 



E Earth ; Electromotive Force. 



E. M. D. P. ... Electromotive Difference of Potential. 



E. M. F Electromotive Force. 



F. M Field Magnet. 



H Horizontal Intensity of the Earth's Mag- 

 netism ; One Unit of Self-induction. 



H Intensity of Magnetic Force. 



I Intensity of Magnetism. 



J Joule. 



K Electrostatic Capacitv. 



K Kathode. 



Kl •. Klang (sound). 



K. C Kathodal Closing. 



K. C. C Kathodal Closing Contraction. 



K. C. T Kathodal Closing Tetanus. 



K. D Kathodal Duration (or Period of Closure oi 



Circuit). 



K. D. C Kathodal Duration Contraction. 



K. D. T Kathodal Duration Tetanus. 



K. W Kilo-watt. 



L Inductance (Coefficient of) ; Length. 



M Strength of Pole. 



Ma MilliampeTe. 



Mfd Microfarad. 



N North Pole. 



O Opening of Circuit. 



P. D Potential Difference. 



Q Electric Quantity. 



R Ohmic Resistance. 



S South Pole. 



T Time. 



Te Tetanic Contraction. 



U Unit. 



V Volume ; Velocitv. 



v Volt. 



V. A Voltaic Alternative. 



V. M Volt-meter. 



W Work ; Weight ; Watt. 



Z Contraction (Zuckung). 



Z.Z.'Z." Increasing Strengths of Contraction. 



k Magnetic Susceptibility. 



/* Magnetic Permeability. 



<«> Ohm. 



p Specific Resistance. 



O Megohm (one-millionth part of an ohm). 



H H Battery. 



+ Anode or Positive Pole. 



— Kathode or Negative Pole. 



> . Greater than, as K > A. 



< Less than. 



PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES USED IN CHEMISTRY. 



Am- indicates the group NH> 



Azo-, diazo-. and hydrazo- indicate compounds in which nitro- 

 gen atoms are linked in various ways. 



Di- is applied as a prefix to signify two. 



Im- indicates the group NH. 



Ket- indicates the molecule CO in certain structural re- 

 lations. 



Mon- is employed as a prefix to signify one. 



Nitro- indicates the group NOo. 



Pent- is applied as a prefix to slgnifyjfz/tf. 



per- denotes in a rather vague sense an indefinitely large 

 amount of the body to which it is prefixed, or to which 

 it is referred. 



Sesqui- indicates the proportion of two to three. 



Sub- is employed in a rather vague sense to indicate defi- 

 ciency of the body to which it is prefixed. 



Tetr- is applied as a prefix to signify four. 



Thio- indicates sulphur, especiallv replacing oxygen. 



Tri- (sometimes " ter-") is applied as a prefix to signi 



-al indicates aldehydic structure. 



-an is applied to a class of bodies related to the starch and 

 sugar group. 



-ane indicates a saturated hydrocarbon. 



-ase indicates an enzyme, or non-organized ferment, e.g., dias- 



ignify three. 



tase. This termination is at present restricted gener- 

 ally to enzymes of vegetable origin, but it should also be 

 used with animal enzymes — which, however, usually end 

 in " in." It would thus be better to say pepsase and 

 trypsase, rather than pepsin and trypsin. 



-ate. A suffix to nouns in chemistry signifying any salt formed 

 by an acid acting on a base ; e. g.. sulphate 'phosphate. 



-ic denotes the higher of two valencies assumed by an element, 

 and incidentally in many cases a larger amount of oxv- 

 gen. 



-in is of no precise significance, and is mostly applied to bodies 

 the structure of which is not yet know'n. 



-yl, -ene. -enyl. and -ine indicate hydrocarbons. According 

 to the American system of orthography, the only case in 

 which ''ine" is used is as a termination for a series of 

 hydrocarbons, beginning with Ethine. G.H.. English 

 writers and some American chemists use it to signify basic 

 properties, regarding -in as the proper term for non-basic 

 bodies. They thus distinguish between salicin. which 

 forms no salts with acids, and morphin (which under such 

 system is spelled " morphine'*), which does. It must be 

 noted that such methods are not in accordance with the 

 tendency of modern chemir nomenclature, which seeks 

 to express structure, not properties. The organic bases 



