ALCOOMETER 



57 



ALDEHYDS 



TABLE OF THE ALCOHOLS.— Continued. 

 Series 2.— Divalent (Dihvdric) Alcohols. 



Benzoyl Carbinol, CsHjO-j Solid. ... 



Series 3.— Oxv- or Phenol Alcohols. 

 Oxy-benzyl, . . . C T H,Oo Solid. . . ! 



that they do not reduce an alkaline copper solution 

 and are not fermented by yeast. Moderate oxidation 

 converts them into glucoses, C 6 H 12 6 . They are ob- 

 tained from the latter by the action of sodium amal- 

 gam. A., Monatomic. See A., Monovalent. A., 

 Monohydric. See A. , Monovalent. A., Monova- 

 lent (Monohydric) , products of the replacement of one 

 atom of hydrogen of the hydrocarbons by the hydroxyl 

 group HO. A., Normal, primary alcohols in which 

 the replacing group possesses normal structure. A., 

 Primary, products of the replacement of one hydro- 

 gen atom in carbinol by alkyls. A., Secondary, 

 products of the replacement of two hydrogen atoms in 

 carbinol by alkyls. A., Tertiary, products of the 

 replacement of all of the three hydrogen atoms of car- 

 binol by alkyls. A., Triatomic, those formed by 

 replacing three atoms of hydrogen in a hydrocarbon 

 by three molecules of hydroxyl. A., Unsaturated, 

 those derived from the unsaturated alkylens in the same 

 manner as the normal alcohols are obtained from their 

 hydrocarbons. In addition to the general character 

 of alcohols, they are also capable of directly binding 

 two additional affinities. See Table. 



Alcodmeter (al-ko-om' -et-er). See Alcoholometer. 



Alcornin (al-kor'-nin) [Sp.]. A peculiarly fatty, crys- 

 tallizable substance, supposed to be the active principle 

 of alcornoque. 



Alcornoque (al-kor-no'-kwd) [Sp.]. I. Cork, or the 

 cork-oak. 2. The Alchornea lati folia, a euphorbia- 

 ceous tree of tropical America. Its bark is bitter and 

 tonic, and has been used as a remedy in phthisis. 

 Unof. 



Aldane (al'-dan) [See Aldehyd]. A chemical com- 

 pound formed by uniting two or more molecules of an 

 aldehyd and removing the aqueous elements. 



Aldehyd {al'-de-hid) [al, the first syllable of alcohol ; 

 dehyd, from dehydratus\, C.,H t O. Alcohol deprived 

 of two atoms of hydrogen, or acetic aldehyd. It is a 

 colorless, limpid liquid, with a characteristic odor. 

 'W hen exposed to the air or to oxygen it is converted 

 into acetic acid. It boils at 208 , and has a sp. gr. 



of 0.8009 at o°. It is miscible in all proportions 

 with water, ether, and alcohol. Internally it pro- 

 duces intoxication, anesthesia, and asphyxia. The 

 vapor is used in catarrhal congestions and ozena. A., 

 Anisic, C 8 H 8 2 , results on oxidizing various essential 

 oils (anise, fennel, etc,) with dilute HNO a . A color- 

 less oil of sp. gr. 1. 123 at 15 , and boiling at 

 248 . A., Benzoic, C 7 H 6 0, the oil of bitter almonds. 

 A., Cinnamic, C 9 H s O, the chief ingredient of the 

 essential oil of cinnamon and cassia. It is a colorless, 

 aromatic oil, that sinks in water and boils at 247 . 

 A., Formic, is asserted to have extreme value as a 

 microbicide and antiseptic, even its fumes and its solu- 

 tion of one part in 20,000 being destructive to various 

 pathogenic germs. A., Protocatechuic, C 6 H 3 (OH)- 

 (OH).CHO, the parent substance of vanillin and 

 piperonal, prepared from pyrocatechin by the action 

 of chloroform. It dissolves readily in water, forms 

 brilliant crystals, and melts at 150 . A., Salicylic, 

 C 6 H 4 (OH).CHO, occurs in the volatile oils of the 

 different varieties of Spircea. It is an oil with an 

 aromatic odor, boiling at 196 , with a sp. gr. at 15 

 of 1.172 ; easily soluble in water, and colors the skin 

 an intense yellow. 



Aldehydene (al-de-hi f -den) \aldehyd~\, C 2 H 3 . A chemi- 

 cal radicle derived from ethylene. 



Aldehyds (al' -de-hldz) [See Aldshyd]. A class of 

 compounds intermediate between alcohols and acids, 

 derived from their corresponding primary alcohols by 

 the oxidation and removal of two atoms of hydrogen, 

 and converted into acids by the addition of an atom of 



TABLE OF THE ALDEHYDS. 



A. OF THE FATTY COMPOUNDS. 

 1. Aldehyds of the Paraffin Series, CnH-2nO. 



