AXEXCEPHALUS 



79 



ANESTHETIC 



Anencephalus {an-en-sef -al-us) [dv priv. ; eyice(jia?MC, 

 brain]. I. A species of single autositic monsters in 

 which there is neither a trace of the brain nor a rudi- 

 mentary representative of it. 2. According to Saint- 

 Hilaire, a variety of the above species in which there 

 is extensive laying open of the spinal canal with ab- 

 sence of the spinal cord. 



Anencephaly [an-en-sef f -<d-e). See Anencephalia. 



Anenergesia {an-en-cr-je* -ze-ahy See Anenergia. 



Anenergia [an-en-er 1 '-je-ah ) [dv priv. ; evepyeia, en- 

 ergy]. Lack of vigor or power. 



Anen'teremia (an-en-ter-e'-me-ah ) [dv priv. ; ivrepov, 

 an intestine; aiua, blood]. Bloodless condition of 

 the bowels. 



Anenteroneuria (an-en-ter-o-nu' -re-ah ) [dv priv. ; 

 ivrepov, an intestine; vevpov, a nerve]. Intestinal 

 atony. 



Anenterotrophia (an-en-ter-o-tro> '-fe-ah) [dv priv.; 

 ivrepov, an intestine ; rpoyr], nourishment]. Defective 

 intestinal nutrition. 



Anenterous {an-en' -ter-us) [dv priv. ; ivrepov, intes- 

 tine]. In biology, having no intestine, as a tapeworm 

 or a fluke. 



Anepia [an-efZ-e-ah) [avexfc, speechless]. Inability 

 to speak. 



Anepiploic [an-ep-ip-lo'-ik) [av priv. ; k~i~'/.oov, the 

 caul]. Having no epiploon. 



Anepithymia (an-ep-e-thim' -e-ah) [dv priv. ; t-idvpia, 

 desire]. Loss of any natural appetite. 



Anerethisia (an-er-eth-iz'-e-ah) [dv priv.; epeOi^eiv, to 

 excite]. Imperfect irritability, as of a muscle or nerve. 



Anergia [an-er 1 '-je-ah) [dv priv.; epyov, work]. Slug- 

 gishness; inactivity. 



Anergic (an-er'-jik) [dv priv. ; epyov, work]. Char- 

 acterized by sluggishness ; as anergic dementia. A. 

 Stupor. See Insanity, Stuporous. 



Aneroid [an'-er-oid) [d priv.; vj/p6g, wet; eidoc, 

 form]. Dispensing with a fluid, as quicksilver. A. 

 Barometer. See Barometer. 



Anerythroblepsia (an-er-ith-ro-olep'-se-ah). Same as 

 Ancrythropsia. 



Anerythroblepsy [an-er* '-ith-ro-blep-se). Same as An- 

 erythropsia. 



Anerythropsia (an-er-ith-rop' -se-ah) [dv priv. ; epv- 

 Opoq, red; b\j)ic, sight]. Subnormal color perception 

 of red. See Blindness. 



Anesis (an'-es-is) [aveoig, remission]. An abatement 

 or relaxation in the severity of symptoms. 



Anesthesia, or Anaesthesia (an-es-the'-ze-ah) [avaio- 

 drjoia, want of feeling]. A condition of insensibility 

 or loss of feeling due to pathological conditions of the 

 centers, conducting paths of the nerves, or the peri- 

 pheral terminations of the same, or to artificial pro- 

 duction by means of anesthetics. A., Bulbar or 

 Central, due to central disease. A., Crossed, anes- 

 thesia on one side of the organism, due to a central 

 lesion of the other side. A., Doll's Head, a form of 

 anesthesia extending over the head, neck, and upper 

 part of the chest. A. dolorosa, severe pain experi- 

 enced after the occurrence of complete motor and 

 sensory paralysis, a symptom observed in certain 

 diseases of the spinal cord. A., Local, of a limited 

 part of the body. A., Muscular, loss of the muscular 

 sense. A., Peripheral, depending upon conditions 

 of the end-organs of the nerves. A., Surgical, by 

 means of anesthetics for the purpose of preventing 

 pain, producing relaxation of muscles, or for diagnos- 

 tic purposes. 



Anesthesimeter (an-es-thes-im'-et-er) \avaia(h)oia, want 

 of feeling; uerpov, a measure]. An instrument to 

 measure the amount of an anesthetic administered in a 

 given time. 



Anesthetic, or Anaesthetic [an-es-thet / -ik) [dv priv. ; 

 aioOdveodai, to feel]. A substance that produces in- 

 sensibility to feeling or to acute pain, diminished mus- 

 cular action, and other phenomena. Anesthetics may 

 be general, local, partial and complete. A., General ; 

 the following are the substances that have been used 

 for general anesthesia: Amylexe, C 5 H 10 , a mobile 

 liquid, thin, colorless, translucent ; action rapid, pro- 

 ducing partial anesthesia. It is used in Germany 

 under the name of Pental ; it is best administered by 

 means of Junker's inhaler, which modifies its unplea- 

 sant odor; it should not be brought near a flame. 

 Carbon Tetrachlorid, not so irritating to the 

 organs of respiration, but far more dangerous than 

 chloroform. Chloral Hydrate, action indirect 

 and incomplete. Rarely, if ever, now used. Chloro- 

 form, by inhalation. Largely employed in general 

 surgery. It seems to have a selective action upon the 

 nervous system, and also exercises a direct influence 

 upon the muscular tissues of the heart. It paralyzes 

 the vaso-motor system, and death results from cardiac 

 paralysis. Chloroform should always be administered 

 freely mixed with air. The Method of definite 

 mixtures, however, as recommended by Clover, and 

 Bert, while admirable in theory, is not entirely practi- 

 cal. The Lister Method, also known as the Scotch or 

 Open Method of administering chloroform, consists in 

 pouring a small amount of the anesthetic upon a com- 

 mon towel arranged in a square of six folds, and hold- 

 ing this as near to the face as can be borne without 

 inconvenience. Various inhalers have been devised 

 for the administration of chloroform, the best of which 

 are Clover's, which consists of a large bag capable of 

 containing a given volume of air, into which the vapor 

 of a given quantity of chloroform is allowed to enter, 

 the mixture being so arranged that the tension of 

 chloroform vapor in the air is maintained below 4.5 

 per cent ; Junker's, as modified by Dudley Buxton, 

 which consists in the inhalation of air containing the 

 chloroform vapor, the latter being taken up by pump 

 ing the air through a bottle containing half an ounce 

 of the anesthetic ; Krohne and Sesemann have modi- 

 fied the foregoing by doing away with the intermit- 

 tent, jerky delivery of the vapor and by adding to the 

 face-piece an expiration-valve guarded by a stiff 

 feather, which, rising in expiration and falling in in- 

 spiration, registers the force and strength of respira- 

 tion [Feather respiration register) ; Sansom's apparatus 

 is a modification of Snozv's, substituting a gutta-percha 

 covering for the cold-water jacket of Snow ; Snow's 

 inhaler consists of a metallic cylindrical vessel, con- 

 taining two coils of blotting paper, permitting free 

 circulation of air, and surrounded by another cylinder 

 containing water, the latter being for the purpose of 

 equalizing the temperature. Syncope resulting from 

 chloroform administration should be treated by lower- 

 ing the head, artificial respiration, inhalation of nitrite 

 of amyl, electrical stimulation, and possibly acupunc- 

 ture of the heart. Ethene Chlorid, formerly called 

 ethylene chlorid, Dutch liquid, chloric ether, closely re- 

 sembles chloroform, but is less of a cardiac depres- 

 sant. It is considered safer than chloroform. Death 

 results from paralysis of the respiratory centers. 

 Ether, by inhalation, is probably the safest known 

 agent for the production of prolonged narcosis. Its 

 action is directed largely to the nervous system, which 

 becomes profoundly affected. It frequently causes 

 spasmodic action and suspension of respiratory action. 

 Death results from paralysis of respiration. It may 

 be administered alone or in combination with nitrous 

 oxid gas. in which case the patient is more rapidly 

 narcotized. A variety of inhalers have been devised 



