AORTITIS 



99 



APHASIA 



Opening of Diaphragm. A. Murmur. See Murmur. 

 A. Opening of Diaphragm, the lowest and most 

 posterior of the three large apertures connected, with 

 this muscle. It is situated in the middle line, imme- 

 diately in front of the bodies of the vertebra, and is 

 behind the diaphragm, not in it. A. Opening of 

 Heart, a small circular aperture in front and to the 

 right side of the auriculo-ventricular opening, from 

 wnich it is separated by one of the segments of the 

 mitral valve. A. Plexus, the plexus of sympathetic 

 nerves, situated on the front and sides of the aorta, 

 between the origins of the superior and inferior 

 mesenteric arteries. A. Sinus, a deep depression 

 between each valve and the cylinder of the aorta. 



Aortitis (a-ort-i'-tis) [aoprq, the aorta ; iru;, inflamma- 

 tion]. Inflammation of the aorta. 



Aortomalacia, or Aortomalaxia (a-ort-o-mal-a' -se-ah, 

 or -aks'-e-ah) [aoprt), aorta ; uaJxuua, softening]. Soft- 

 ening of the aorta. 



Aortostenosis (a-ort-o-sten-o' -sis) [aoprtj, aorta ; arevog, 

 narrow]. Stenosis or narrowing of the aorta. 



Aosrnic (a-oz'-mik) [d priv. ; oouij, smell]. Having no 

 odor. 



Apagma (ap-ag'-mah) [a— 6, from; ayvvua'., to break: 

 //. , Apagmata\ I. Separation, as of a fractured bone. 

 2. The part separated. 



Apandria (ap-an' '-dre-ah) [6.-6, from; avr/p, a man]. 

 Morbid dislike of the male sex. 



Apanthropia {ap-an-thro' -pe-ah). See Apanthropy. 



Apanthropy (ap-an' '-thro-pe) [a— 6, from ; dvflpwroc, 

 man]. Aversion to society; morbid desire for soli- 

 tude. 



Aparthrosis (ap-ar-thro > '-sis) [djrd, from; apdpov, a 

 joint]. I. Dislocation; luxation of a joint 2. In 

 anatomy, diarthrosis. 



Apastia (ap-as' '-te-ah) [a-aoria, fasting]. Abstinence 

 from food, as a symptom of mental disorder. 



Apathetic (ap-ath-et'-ik) [d priv. ; -zadog, feeling]. 

 Affected with apathy ; listless ; without emotion. 



Apathy (afZ-ath-e) [d priv. ; irddog, feeling]. Insensi- 

 bility ; want of passion or feeling. 



Apatropin (ap-af -ro-pin) [arro, from ; arpo-oc, un- 

 changeable], Cj.HjjNOj. A compound derivable 

 from atropin by the action of nitric acid. It Is said to 

 produce peculiar convulsions. 



Ape (dp) [ME., ape']. A man-like monkey. A. fis- 

 sures, those fissures of the human brain that are also 

 found in apes. See Fissure. A. -hand, wasting of 

 the thumb-muscles, as seen in some cases of progres- 

 sive muscular atrophy. 



Apella (ap-el'-lah) [a priv. ; nk/./xi, skin]. A circum- 

 cised person ; one with a short prepuce. 



Apellous (ap-el'-us) [d priv. ; rri/J'.a, skin]. Skinless ; 

 having no skin. 



Apepsia (ah-pep/ -se-ah) [d priv; irbrreiv, to digest]. 

 Cessation or absence of the digestive function. A., 

 Hysteric, an hysterical condition with deficient nerve 

 power, and impaired function of the stomach, and 

 very possibly of the abdominal glands. Also called 

 Hysteric anorexia. A. nervosa. See Anorexia 

 nervosa. 



A peptic (ah-pep* -tik) [d priv.; vhrreiv, to digest]. 

 Affected with apepsia. 



Aperient (ap-e* -re-ent) [aperire, to open] . I . Laxative ; 

 deobstruent ; mildly purgative. 2. A mild purgative ; 

 a laxative, or aperitive. 



Aperinous (ah-per'-in-us) [d priv. ; Trrjpiv, the scrotum]. 

 I. Having no scrotum. 2. Castrated. 



Aperispermic (ah-per-is-per 1 '-mik) [6. priv. ; xepi, around; 

 a-kpua, seed]. See Exalbuminous. 



Aperistalsis (ah-per-is-tal' -sis) [a, without ; Kepi, 

 around; <rrd/<wc, constriction]. Absence or cessation 



of the movements of the intestine, due to lack of stimu- 

 lus to Auerbach's plexus. 



Aperitive (ap-er 1 '-it-iv) [aperire, to open]. .Aperient. 



Apertor (ap-er / -tor) [L., an opener or beginner]. In 

 anatomy, anything that opens. A. Oculi, the levator 

 palpebrae muscle. 



Aperture (ap / -er-chur) [apertura, an opening]. An 

 opening. A., Angular, in the microscope, the angle 

 formed between a luminous point placed in focus and 

 the most divergent rays that are capable of passing 

 through the entire system of an objective. A. antri. 

 the aperture of the umbrella cavity in medusae. A., 

 Numerical, the capacity of an objective for admit- 

 ting rays from the object and transmitting them to the 

 image. A common measure is obtained as proposed 

 by Abbe, by taking the product of the half angle intc 

 the refractive index of the medium employed. It is 

 usually expressed n. a. = n sin u. , n the index of 

 refraction and it the semi-angle of the aperture. A. of 

 Objective, the capacity for receiving and transmit- 

 ting rays. 



Apetalous (ah-pef -al-us) [d priv. ; -i-ra/jov, a leaf ] . 

 In biology, without corolla or petals. 



Apex (a'-peks) [apex, the extreme end of a thing] . The 

 summit or top of anything ; the point or extremity of 

 a cone. A. Beat, the impulse of the heart felt in the 

 fifth intercostal space about 3 % inches from the middle 

 of the sternum. A. Murmur, a murmur heard over 

 the apex of the heart. Apices of the Lungs, the 

 upper extremities of the lungs behind the border of the 

 first rib. 



Aphacia (ah-fa' ' -se-ah). Same as Aphakia. 



Aphacic (ah-fa f -sik) [d priv. ; ooxdc, the crystalline 

 lens]. Relating to or affected with aphacia. 



Aphaeresis (af-er'-es-is). See Apheresis. 



Aphagia ah-fa' -je-ah) [d priv. ; oayelv, to eat]. Inabil- 

 ity to eat or to swallow. 



Aphakia {ah-fa' -ke-ah) [a priv. ; oaxoc, a lentil, the 

 crystalline lens]. The condition of an eye without the 

 lens, whether the result of congenital defect, luxation, 

 traumatism, or cataract operation. 



Aphakic (ah-fa' -kik) [6 priv. ; qokoc, the lens]. Having 

 no lens, as the .eye after the removal of a cataract. 



Aphalangiasis (ah-fa-lan-je'-as-is) [a priv. ; QeZayi;, a 

 line of battle; phalanx]. The loss or absence of 

 fingers and toes, as in leprosy. Cf. Ainhum. 



Apharyngeal (ah-far-in' -je-al)[a priv.; Qapvyij, throat]. 

 In biology, without a pharynx. 



Aphasia (ah-fa' -ze-ah) [a priv. ; odaig, speech]. Partial 

 or complete loss of the power of expression or of com- 

 prehension of the conventional signs of language , from 

 no lesion of the peripheral organs or nerves, but from 

 lesions of the cortical centers concerned. Aphasia 

 may be either motor or sensory. Motor or Ataxic 

 Aphasia consists in a loss of speech owing to inability 

 to execute the various movements of the mouth 

 necessary to speech, the muscles being not paralyzed 

 but not coordinated, owing to disease of the cortical 

 center. It is usually associated with agraphia, "aphasia 

 of the hand," inability to write, and right-sided hemi- 

 plegia. Some aphasics can write, but are unable to 

 articulate words or sentences ; this variety is variously 

 named aphemia, alalia, or anarthria, according as 

 the impairment of speech is more or less marked. 

 Charcot supposes the center for articulate language 

 divided into four sub-centers, a visual center for words, 

 an auditory center for words, a motor center of articu- 

 late language, and a motor center of written language. 

 Lesions of one or more of these centers produce the 

 characteristic forms of aphasia, all of which have 

 clinical exemplifications. Sensory Aphasia, or 

 Amnesia is the loss of memory for words, and may 



