

BACILLUS 



157 



BACTERIA 



Bacillus {bas-il'-us) [dim. 

 a small staff: pi., Bacilli]. 



of baculutn ; bac ilium, 

 (a) A genus of the Schizo- 

 . tes established by Cohn ; synonym , Bacteridium, 

 Davaine ; Bacterium, Delafond ; Vibrio, Cohn ; and 

 including all the elongated forms except such as are 

 spiral and have a gyratory motion, which are classed 

 in the genus Spirillum. The bacilli are rigid or 

 flexible, motile or non-motile, and reproduce either by 

 direct fission or by endogenous spore-formation. See 



■ Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of. (.b) An individual 

 of the genus Bacillus. (c) A medicated rod or 

 bougie, (d) Any rod-like body, or specifically, one 

 of the retinal rods, (e) In botany, the term applied 

 to the cotyledon of certain plants, e. g. , the hyacinth ; 

 or to the basal portion of some flower-clusters. 

 Back (bak) [ME., bak]. Dorsum; posterior aspect. 



13. Combination. See Combination. B. Draught 

 bak' draft), the inspiration of whooping-cough. 

 3. Posture. See Postures. B. Stroke of the 

 leart. See Diastole. 

 ckache (bak'-ak) [ME., bak; aken]. Pain in the 

 back. 



Backbone (bak f -bbn) [ME., bak ; boon]. The verte- 

 bral column. 



Back-cut of Salmon. See Salmon, and Operations, 

 Table of. 



Bacony Infiltration (ba f -kon-e in-fil-tra? -shun). Same 

 as Albuminoid Infiltration. 



Bacteremia (bak-ter-e' '-me-ah) \bacterium, rod ; alfia, 

 blood]. The presence of bacteria in the blood. 



Bacterium (bak-te' -re-um) [fianrf/piov, a little stick : pi. , 

 Bacteria]. I. A genus of schizomycetous fungi estab- 

 lished by Ehrenberg (1838) and Dujardin (1841) ; 

 characterized by short, linear, inflexible, rod-like 

 forms, without tendency to unite into chains or fila- 

 ments. 2. The distinction between the genus Bacte- 

 rium (Dujardin), and the genus Bacillus (Cohn) is not 

 well founded, and all straight, elongated forms should 

 be referred to the latter genus. The word bacteria as 

 now employed is practically synonymous with Schizo- 

 mycetes, Microorganisms, or Microbes, and includes 

 those minute Thallophytes, with or without chloro- 

 phyll, related on the one hand to the A'ostocacete, and 

 the other to the Flagellata. Morphologically, 

 cteria are either spherical (cocci) ; in the form of 

 aight rods (bacilli) ; or of twisted rods (spirilli). 

 ey occur either free, as filaments in layers, or in 

 be-like packets. Frequently large gelatinous masses 

 called Zobglaia are formed. As regards growth they 

 are grouped either as Endosporous bacteria, includ- 

 ing those that form spores endogenously ; or as 

 Arthrosporous bacteria, including those that mul- 

 tiply by fission. Bacteria are either aerobic, i.e., 

 dependent upon the presence of free oxygen for the 

 purpose of vegetation, or anaerobic, in which free 

 oxygen is not essential, as they possess the power of 

 appropriating the oxygen of unstable organic combi- 

 nations, thus acting as disorganizing, fermentative, 

 or putrefactive agents. Again, certain forms appear 

 to possess the ability to flourish in either condition, 

 and are known as facultative anaerobic. Bacteria 

 are either motile or non-motile ; they may exist as 

 saprophytes, facultative parasites, strict, obligate, 

 or true parasites. Those that produce pigment are 

 known as chromogenic ; those that produce fer- 

 mentation as zymogenic ; those that affect adversely 

 the health of plants or animals as pathogenic. See 

 Bacteria^ Synonymatic Table of, and special terms 

 under appropriate headings. 



SYNONYMATIC TABLE OF BACTERIA.* 



Actinobacter du lait visqueux, Duclaux. . Found in 

 ropy milk, aer., nliqf., npg. Actinobacter poly- 

 morphus. See Bacillus butyricus, Prazmowski. 

 Actinomyces bovis, Harz. Syn. Cladothrix bovis, 

 Cladothrix canis, Rabe (?) Found in Actinomycosis 

 and in sputum of tuberculous patients. Discovered 

 by Langenbeck (1845) '■< ^ TSl correctly described by 

 Israel (1878). Bollinger first to recognize it in cattle. 

 Considered by Paltauf, Israel, and Wolf as a pleo- 

 morphic schizophyte. Occurs in grains the size- of 

 a poppy-seed ; composed of radiating threads. Stains 

 with anilin dyes ; is not decolorized by Gram' s 

 method. Grows on egg albumin, gelatin, potato, and 

 bouillon, liqf, pg., chg. (Sulphur- yellow. ) ^thyl- 

 bacillus de Fitz. See Bacillus subtilis, Ehrenberg, 

 etc. Amylobacter Clostridium, Trecul. See Bacillus 

 butyricus, Prazmowski. A New Bacillus of Ma- 

 lignant Edema, Klein. See Bacillus adematis 

 aerobicus, Klein. Anthrax bacillus. See Bacillus 

 anthracis, Pollender and Davaine. Arthrobacterium 

 aceti, De Bary. See Bacillus aceti, Kiitzing. 

 Arthrobacterium chlorinum, De Bary. See Ba- 

 cillus chlorinus, Engelmann. Arthrobacterium 

 merismopcedioides, De Bary. See Bacillus meris- 

 mopcedioides, Zopf. Arthrobacterium pastorianum, 

 De Bary. See Bacillus paste urianus , Hansen. 

 Arthrobacterium viride, De Bary. See Bacillus 

 viridis, Van Tieghem. Arthrobacterium zopfii. 

 See Bacillus zopfii. Arthro-kokkaceen, Ger. Arthro- 

 spore bacteria forming only cocci and cocci-chains. 

 Ascobacillus citreus, Unna and Tommasoli. Syn. 

 Ascococcus citreus. On the skin, in cases of eczema 

 seborrhceicum. aer. , liqf. , mot., chg. (lemon-yellow) , 

 npg. Ascobacterium ulvina, Van Tieghem. Short 

 rods occurring in liquids containing decaying legumi- 

 nous seeds. Ascococcus billrothii, Cohn. Lobu- 

 lated masses, producing a viscous fermentation of 

 saccharine fluids and evolving butyric acid in solution of 

 ammonium tartrate. Ascococcus citreus, Lima and 

 Tommasoli. See Ascobacillus citreus. Ascococcus 

 johnei, Cohn. See Micrococcus botryogenus, Rabe. 

 Ascococcus mesenteroides, Cienkowski. See Leu- 

 conostoc mesenteroides, Cienkowski. Ascococcus 

 vibrans, Van Tieghem. Upon water containing 

 Beggiatoce ; distinguished from A. billrothii by the 

 whirling and oscillating of the cells. Aussatz- 

 bacillus, Ger. See Bacillus lepra*, Hansen. 

 Bacille aerogene, Fr. See Bacillus lactis aerogenes, 

 Miller. Bacille aerophile, Fr. See Bacillus aero- 

 philus, Liborius. Bacille brun de la pomme 

 de terre, Fr. See Bacillus mesentericus fuscus, 

 Fliigge. Bacille butylique, Fr. See Bacillus buty- 

 licus, Fitz. Bacille butyrique, Fr. See Bacillus 

 butyricus, Pasteur. Bacille commune de la pomme 

 de terre, Fr. See Bacillus mesentericus vulgatus, 

 Fliigge. Bacille coprogene fetide, Fr. See Bacillus 

 coprogenes foztidus, Schottelius. Bacille cyanogene, 

 Fr. See Bacillus cyanogenus, Hueppe. Bacille de 

 Bienstock, I, II, Fr. See Bacillus subtilis simulans, 

 Bienstock. Bacille de Brieger, Fr. See Bacillus 

 cavicidus, Brieger. Bacille de Denecke, Fr. See Spir- 

 illum tyrogenum, Denecke. Bacille de Finkler et 

 Prior, Fr. See Spirillum of Finkler and Prior. 

 Bacille de Hauser. See Proteus mirabilis, Proteus 

 vulgaris, Proteus zenkeri, Hauser. Bacille de Koch. 

 See Bacillus tuberculosis, Koch. Bacille de la 

 chylurie, Fr. See Bacillus of chyluria, Wilson. 



* Abbreviations. — aer. = aerobic, anaer. = anaerobic, chg. — • chromogenic facanaer. = facultative anaerobic, liqf. = liquefac- 

 tive. monom. = monomorphic. mot. — motile, nliqf. = non-liquefactive. nmot. — non-motile, npg. = non-pathogenic. 

 0*/. = obligate, oscl. = oscillating, pg. — pathogenic, phos. = phosphorescent pleom. = pleomorphic, sap. = saprophytic. 



