BALNEOTHERAPEUTICS 



188 



BANDAGE 



Balneotherapeutics (bal-ne-o-ther-ap-u 1 '-tiks). See Bal- 

 neotherapy. 



Balneotherapy (bal-ne-o-ther'-ap-e) [balneum, a bath ; 

 Oepaireia, healing]. Systematic bathing for therapeutic 

 purposes, or the treatment of disease by baths or 

 bathing. 



Balneum (bal'-ne-um) [L.]. A bath. See Bath. 

 B. arense, a sand bath. See Ammotherapy. B. 

 lacteum, a milk bath. B. luteum, a mud-bath. See 

 llluiation. B. pneumaticum, an Air-bath, q. v. 



Balonea (bal-o'-ne-ah). See Valonia. 



Balsam (bawl'-sam) y^akcafiov , the resin of the balsam 

 tree]. The resinous, volatile, aromatic substance, 

 liquid or concrete, obtained from certain trees by 

 natural exudation or by artificial extraction. Balsams 

 are divided into two classes, those with, and those 

 without, benzoic and cinnamic acids. In general they 

 are mixtures of various essential oils, resins, and acids. 

 B. Apple, the plant Momordica balsamina, and its 

 warty, gourd-like fruit. It is purgative, but its tincture 

 is chiefly used in domestic medicine as a vulnerary. 

 Unof. B. Bog, a singular stone-like, woody, umbelli- 

 ferous plant, Bolax or Azorella glebaria, of the Falk- 

 land Islands and Patagonia. Its aromatic gum is 

 locally prized as a vulnerary, desiccative, and anti-gon- 

 orrheal remedy. Unof. B., Canada, a turpentine 

 gathered from the natural blisters of the bark of Abies 

 balsamt<m. It is much used as a mounting medium by 

 microscopists. B. of Copaiba. See Copaiba. B. of 

 Fir. Same as Canada Balsam. See Abies. B., 

 Friar's. See Benzoin. B. of Gilead, the balm of 

 the Old Testament ; an oleo-resin obtained from the 

 Balsamodendron gileadense. B. of Peru, the balsam 

 obtained from Toluifera pereira ; antiseptic, stimulant 

 to the circulation, and sedative to the nervous system ; 

 generally a tonic, and expectorant in bronchitis. Ap- 

 plied locally it is useful in chronic inflammatory skin- 

 diseases. Dose of the emulsion rfljc-xxv. B.-root, 

 a popular name for certain composite-flowered plants 

 of the genus Balsamorrhiza. B. hookerii, B. macro- 

 phylla, B, sagittata are common in the Pacific States 

 and are rich in a resinous balsam. Unof. B. of 

 Tolutan, or of Tolu, obtained from Toluifera bal- 

 samum. Its properties are due to a volatile oil, toluene. 

 It possesses an agreeable odor, and is a basis for many 

 cough-mixtures. It is a fair expectorant. T. Tinct. 

 contains ten per cent, of the balsam in 90 per cent, of 

 alcohol. Dose n\x-xxx. T. Syr., balsam four parts; 

 simple syrup 96. Dosegj-ij. 



Balsamation (bawl-sam-a 1 '-shun) [fHahoa/iov, the resin 

 of the balsam tree]. Embalmment with balsamic or 

 aromatic spices. 



Balsamic (bawl'-sam-ik) [fiakoafiov , the resin of the 

 balsam tree]. Having the nature or qualities of a 

 balsam. 



Balsamine (bawl-sam-in) [flalio-a/iov, balsam]. Any 

 plant of the genus Impatiens, q. v. 



Balsamito [bawl' -sam-e' -to) [Sp. ] . A tincture of balsam 

 of Peru in rum ; anthelmintic, diuretic, and tonic ; it 

 is used externally as a cosmetic and a stimulant wash 

 for sores. Unof. 



Balsamodendron (batvl-sam-o-den' -dron). See Myrrh 

 and Bdellium. 



Balsams (bawl' -samz) [fi&Acafiov, the resin of the bal- 

 sam tree]. The natural, thick solutions of the gum 

 resins in the essential oils and turpentines. See Resins. 



Balsamum (bal'-sam-um) [fl&Xoafiov, balsam: gen., 

 Balsami\. A balsam, q.v. B. dipterocarpi. See 

 Gurjun Balsam. 



Balser's Fatty Necrosis. See Diseases, Table of. 



Bambalia (bam-ba'-le-ah) [L.]. Stammering; thick- 

 ness of speech, or other impediment to utterance. 



Bamberger's Fluid. An albuminous mercuric com- 

 pound used in the treatment of syphilis. It is made 

 as follows : To 100 c.c. of a filtered solution of white 

 of egg (containing 40 c.c. of albumin and 60 c.c. of 

 water) there are added 60 c.c. of a solution of mercu- 

 ric chlorid (containing 5 per cent. , or 3 grams, of 

 bichlorid of mercury) and 60 c.c. of a solution of 

 sodium chlorid (containing 20 per cent.) ; finally, 80 

 grams of distilled water are added, which brings 

 the bulk of the solution up to 300, containing 0.010 



• mercuric chlorid in every cubic centimeter. 



Bamboo (barn-boo') [E. Ind. , bambu\ A popular 

 name for many tree-like, woody-stemmed grasses, es- 

 pecially those of the genus Bambusa. Apart from a 

 limited use in surgery, none of the bamboos is em- 

 ployed in regular medicine. Locally, B. arundi- 

 nacea is employed as an alterative, anthelmintic, and 

 depurative. Unof. See also Tafasheer. B. Brier, 

 the root of Smilax sarsaparilla, habitat, Southern 

 United States. Its properties are identical with those 

 of sarsaparilla. Dose of the fid. ext. 3 ss-ij. Unof. 



Banana [ban- an' -ah) [Sp.]. The root of the common 

 banana, Musa sapientum, said to be a valuable altera- 

 tive, and useful in strumous affections. Dose of the 

 fid. ext. Tt\, x— xxx. Unof. 



Band (band) [ME.,tei/«]. That which binds. A 

 stripe. A ligament. B., Axis, Baer's primitive 

 streak. B., Belly, a band to pass around the abdo- 

 men. B., Head, a strap for securing a mirror to 

 the forehead. B., Horny, of Tarinus, the fore part 

 of the tenia semicircularis. B., Moderator. See 

 B. , ReiPs. B., Reil's, a fibrous muscular fillet that 

 frequently extends across the right ventricle of the 

 heart; it is called also the moderator band. B. of 

 Remak. See Fiber, axial ; also Purkinje, Axis Cyl- 

 inder of. B. of Tarinus. See B. , Horny. 



Bandage (ban'-daj) [Fr. , bande, a strip]. Bandages 

 are usually strips of muslin or other material, of vary- 

 ing widths and lengths, used in surgery for the purpose 

 of protecting, compressing, etc., a part, or for the re- 

 tention of dressings and applications. A simple ban- 

 dage or roller consists of one piece ; a compound, of 

 two or more pieces. Starch, plaster- of- Paris, silica, 

 dextrin, tripolith, etc., etc., are used or recom- 

 mended for making stiff and immovable dressings 

 or bandages. According to their direction bandages 

 are classed as : I. Circular, circular turns about the 

 part. 2. Figure-of-8, the turns crossing each other 

 like that figure. 3. Oblique, covering the part by ob- 

 lique turns. 4. Recurrent, the turns returning suc- 

 cessively to the point of origin. 5. Spica, the turns 

 resembling the arrangement of the husks of an ear of 

 corn. 6. Spiral, each turn covering one-half of the 

 preceding. 7. Spiral reverse, the bandage is reversed 

 in order to better adapt it to the part. Bandages are 

 also classed according to the part to which they are 

 applied. Of Bandages of the head we have : I. 

 Circular, of the forehead, to retain dressings upon the 

 head. 2. Circular, of the eyes. 3. Crossed, of the 

 eyes, to hold dressings upon one or both eyes. 4. T., of 

 the eye, a small piece of muslin cut in the shape of a 

 right-angled triangle, and sufficiently large to cover the 

 eye, is sewn by its base, with the perpendicular toward 

 the ear, to a horizontal strip of a length to encircle the 

 head. The apex of the triangle is sewn to a vertical 

 strip long enough to pass under the jaw and meet the 

 horizontal strip on the opposite side. 5. Crossed, of 

 the angle of the jaw, to support the parts in fracture 

 of the angle of the jaw. 6. Knotted, of the head, a 

 double-headed roller with compress, to make coinpivs- 

 sion in wound of the temporal artery. 7. Recurrent, of 

 the head, a single-headed or double-headed roller, to 



