BATH 



197 



BATRACHOPHOBIA 



of pine-needles, or some pine extract, to hot water. It 

 is mildly stimulating, and is employed in hysteria, gout, 

 and rheumatism. B., Rain, consists of from four to 

 six three-fourths circles of pipes secured together at a 

 distance of two to three inches. Each pipe has three 

 lines of fine perforations, from which the stream issues 

 under pressure, striking the body of the patient at all 

 points with considerable force. This may be used as 

 a substitute for the dripping sheet. B., Russian, 

 one in which the air of the room is saturated with 

 steam by throwing water upon heated mineral or 

 metallic substances, after which the bather is rubbed 

 down, finishing with a cold douche. See B. , I apor. 

 B., Sand, the body of the patient is surrounded in a 

 tub with a layer of dry, warm sand that has been 

 naturally or artificially heated, the temperature ranging 

 from 95 to 120 . The duration of the bath is from 

 one to one and a half hours. The head is wrapped in 

 a wet towel and permitted to lie outside of the sand. 

 The after-treatment is the same as that after a hot-air 

 bath. This is of value as an emollient procedure. In 

 chemistry, the immersion of a crucible, etc. , containing 

 a chemic compound in a vessel containing fine sand, the 

 latter being heated gradually to a high temperature. 

 B., Sea-water, more stimulating and tonic in its 

 effects than fresh water. It may be given cold, 

 tepid, or hot. It may be made away from the sea- 

 shore by dissolving bay-salt or rock-salt in fresh 

 water, four to nine pounds of salt to 30 gallons 

 of water. It is useful in convalescence, chlorosis, 

 and strumous diseases. B., Sheet, the application 

 of cold water to the body through the medium of 

 a sheet or towel of fine or coarse texture, placed upon 

 the skin. The patient is wrapped in a linen sheet, 

 wrung not quite dry out of water at a temperature of 

 from 6o° to 70 . A rubber cloth and a blanket are 

 spread over the bed to protect it. As the sheet dries 

 small quantities of water are poured with one hand 

 from a vessel or sponge upon a limited part of the body, 

 beginning with the chest. With the other extended 

 hand rapid passes are made over this spot until it 

 becomes a little warmer. Successive parts of the body 

 are thus treated except the forearms, hands, feet, and 

 legs. The patient is then dried and made comfortable. 

 This is applicable in all febrile affections with hi^h tem- 

 peratures, except in chest or abdominal diseases. 

 B.. Shower, a familiar form of the douche. The water 

 is delivered from a nozzle with numerous perforations, 

 that may be attached to a hose, striking the body in 

 a divided stream. B., Sitz, the patient sits in the tub 

 with the feet outside upon a raised surface and blanket, 

 so that the popliteal spaces are not encroached upon 

 by the edge of the tub. The water should reach the 

 umbilicus. It is useful in obstinate diarrhea, menor- 

 rhagia, subinvolution of the uterus, and pelvic inflam- 

 mations. B., Slime, a bath in water mixed with the 

 slimy deposit of organic matter found in rivers or 

 ponds. B., Sponge, one in which the patient's body is 

 rubbed with a sponge and water. It is used to reduce 

 temperature. B., Starch, starch, one pound ; 

 water, 30 gallons. This is used as the bran 

 bath. B., Sulphur, potassium sulphid four to eight 

 ounces in 30 gallons of water ; a little sulphuric 

 acid may be added. It is used in certain skin 

 diseases, scabies, lead colic, and lead palsy. B.. 

 Sulphurous-acid, a means of applying the fumes of 

 burning sulphur to the body. The patient is seated on 

 a cane-bottomed chair, and a blanket or oil-cloth is 

 thrown round him, the head remaining uncovered. 

 On the floor beneath the chair is a pan containing a 

 little water, and in this is placed a smaller vessel con- 

 taining small pieces of sulphur. A little spirit of 



wine is poured over this, and ignited, and sulphurous- 

 acid gas is evolved. B., Sun, the therapeutic exposure 

 of the naked body to the sun's rays. B. , Surprise, an 

 ancient and obsolete form of bath for insane and 

 hysterical patients, who were unexpectedly plunged 

 into cold water. B., Tepid, the temperature of the 

 water ranges from 85 to 95 F. It acts mainly upon 

 the skin as a sedative, cleansing, and detergent agent ; 

 the pulse, respiration, excretion, secretion, and temper- 

 ature are practically unaffected. B., Turkish, one in 

 which the bather is placed successively in rooms of 

 higher temperature, then shampooed or rubbed, and 

 finally stimulated by a douche of cold water. See 

 Bath, Hot-air. B., Vapor ; Russian bath ; this may 

 be given, as the Turkish bath, in a box, by permitting 

 steam from a pipe to permeate it, providing for its 

 escape, or the patient may inhale the vapor within 

 a closed compartment, the whole surface being at the 

 same time exposed to its influence. A higher temper- 

 ature can be borne than in the hot- water bath, though 

 for a shorter time. It is useful to provoke profuse per- 

 spiration. It should be followed by brisk frictions. 

 B.. Warm, the tub is filled with water at any temper- 

 ature near that of the body, say 90 to 104 . The 

 patient lies quietly in it, and obtains the effect 

 of warmth, moisture, and water- pressure. It is 

 used to calm the nervous system, produce sleep, 

 and allay reflex instability. The continuous icartn 

 bath, called by Hebra the permanent bath, is made 

 by suspending a sheet in the tub as a ham- 

 mock. The patient lies upon this surrounded by 

 water that is kept at an equable temperature (warm) 

 by a proper arrangement of in-and-out-flow It is 

 used in the treatment of extensive bums and wounds. 

 B., Water, a bath of water. It may be cold 1 6o°-75°) 

 or tepid (85°-95°), or hot. In chemistry, a bath ci 

 water for immersing vessels containing substances that 

 must not be heated above the boiling-point of water. 

 See B., Mud; B.,Sand; B., Sun. 



Bathmic (bath'-mik) [jiaQfioc, a threshold]. Relating 

 to bathmism. 



Bathmis (bath'-mis). See Bathmos. 



Bathmism {bath' '-mizm) [3aB[i6g, a threshold]. That 

 supposed modification of chemical force which is 

 active in the processes of nutrition. 



Bathmos (bath'-mos) [3a0fi6c, fiad/ur, a little fossa]. 

 A shallow depression or fosset. 



Bathwort {bath' -wert) [Corruption of birthtoort]. The 

 plant Trillium erectum ; also T. pendulum ; esteemed 

 in domestic practice as deobstment. Unof. 



Bathybius {bath-ib'-e-us) [3aflrc, deep ; fiioc, life]. A 

 name applied by Huxley to a sticky form of deep-sea 

 ooze, formerly supposed by him to be a widely-extend- 

 ing sheet of living, primitive protoplasm. 



Bathycentesis {bath-e-sen-te' -sis) [-Sadie, deep; kcw- 

 rtaiq, puncture]. A deep surgical puncture ; deep 

 acupuncture. 



Bathystixis {bath-e-stiks'-is) [^adig, deep; orti-ir, 

 puncture]. Deep acupuncture. 



Batiator {bat-e-a f -tor). See Vernonia nigritiana. 



Batoir {bah-twar / ) [Fr., beater]. See Percutor. 



Batophobia {bat-o-fo'-be-ah) [pa-6g, a height; o63oc, 

 fear]. I. Acrophobia; dread of being at a great 

 height. 2. Dread of high objects; fear of passing 

 near a high building, or of going through a deep 

 valley. 



Batrachoid {baf -rak-ouT) [jUarpaxoc, a frog; e«5oc, 

 form]. Frog-like. 



Batrachophagous {bat-rak-ojP -ag-us) [{Sarpaxoc, a 

 frog ; oayelv, to eat]. In biology, frog-eating. 



Batrachophobia {bat-rak-o-fo' -be-ah) [{iarpaxos, a frog ; 

 ooioc, fear]. Morbid dread of toads and frogs. 



