BENZALDOXIN 



202 



BENZYL 



parts water, and is miscible with alcohol and .ether. 

 It is used in making benzoic acid as well as various 

 pigments. B. Green. Same as Malachite Green. 



Benzaldoxin [ben-zal-doks' -in), C 7 H 9 NO. A thick oil 

 formed by the action of hydroxylamin upon benzal- 

 dehyd. 



Benzamid (ben'-zam-id) [benzoin; amid'], C 7 H 7 NO. 

 A compound that results when benzoyl chlorid acts 

 upon alcoholic ammonia. It is best obtained by 

 heating benzoic acid and ammonium thiocyanate to 

 170 C. It crystallizes in pearly leaflets, melts at 

 130 , and boils near 288 ; it is readily soluble in hot 

 water, alcohol, and ether. It may be regarded -as the 

 amid of benzoyl. 



Benzanilid (ben-zan' -il-id) [benzoin; anilin], Cj.jHjj- 

 NO. Benzoyl-anilid, prepared by the action of ben- 

 zoyl chlorid on anilin. It is used as an antifebrile in 

 children, in doses of gr. iij-viij. Unof. 



Benzene {ben'-zen) [benzoin], C 6 H 6 . A hydrocarbon 

 contained in coal-tar. It is formed by the dry dis- 

 tillation of all benzene acids. It is a mobile, ethereal- 

 smelling liquid, of specific gravity 0.899 at °°- It 

 solidifies about o°, melts at -\- 6°, and boils at 80. 5 . 

 It burns with a luminous flame. It readily dissolves 

 resins, fats, sulphur, iodin, and phosphorus. It is 

 the material from which anilin and the anilin colors 

 are derived. B.-sulphonic Acid, C 6 H 5 . S0 3 H, is 

 prepared by boiling together equal parts of benzene 

 and H 2 S0 4 . It occurs in small plates, readily soluble 

 in alcohol and water, and which deliquesce in the air. 

 In its dry distillation the acid yields benzene phenyl- 

 sulphone, and when fused with caustic potash phenol 

 is produced. 



Benzidin (ben f -zid-in) [benzoin], C 12 H 12 N 2 . Diamido- 

 diphenyl ; a compound obtained by the action of tin 

 and HC1 upon the alcoholic solution of azo-benzene. 

 Benzidin dissolves easily in hot water and alcohol, and 

 crystallizes in silvery leaflets, melting at 122 . 



Benzil (ben'-zil) [benzoin], C u H 10 O 2 . A compound 

 produced in the oxidation of benzoin with chlorin. 

 It crystallizes from ether in large, six-sided prisms, 

 melting at 90 and boiling at 347°. 



Benzimid [ben f -zim-id) [benzoin; amid], C 23 H 18 N 2 2 . 

 A compound formed by the action of hydrocyanic 

 acid on hydrid of benzoyl. It occurs also in the 

 resinous residue of the rectification of the oil of bitter 

 almonds. 



Benzine (ben f -zin). See Benzinum. 



Benzinum [ben-zi' -num) [L. : gen., Benzini]. Benzine, 

 Petroleum Ether. A purified distillate from Ameri- 

 can petroleum, having a specific gravity of .77 to .79, 

 boiling at 8o° to 90 C, colorless, of ethereal odor, 

 and a slightly peppermint-like taste. It is a valuable 

 solvent for oils, fats, resins, caoutchouc, and some 

 alkaloids. It is a vermicide against tapeworm. It 

 should be distinguished from Benzol, which is called 

 Benzene by English chemists. Dose gtt. v-x, on 

 sugar or in mucilage. 



Benzoate (ben' '-zo-dt) [benzoin]. Any salt of benzoic 

 acid. B. of Naphthol. See Benzo-naphthol. 



Benzoated (ben' -zo-at-ed) [benzoin]. Impregnated 

 with benzoin or with benzoic acid. 



Benzoic {ben-zo' '-ik) [benzoin]. Pertaining to or de- 

 rived from benzoin. B. Acid. See Acid. 



Benzoin (ben f -zo-in or -zoin) [origin obscure]. A resin 

 obtained from Slyrax benzoin, a tree native to Sumatra 

 and Siam. It is also a ketone alcohol, C !4 H,.,0 2 , and 

 maybe produced by oxidizing hydrobenzoin with con- 

 centrated HNO„. It is sparingly soluble in water, cold 

 alcohol, and ether, and crystallizes in shining prisms, 

 melting at 134 . It is used as a remedy for bronchitis 

 and in making court-plaster. It occurs in tears con- 



sisting of several resins agglutinated by a balsam. It 

 yields benzoic and cinnamic acids, is antiseptic and 

 disinfectant, and is used mainly as a stimulant expec- 

 torant in chronic bronchitis. Sodium and potassium 

 compounds are sometimes used in place of like salicylic 

 acid compounds. Adeps benzoinatus, benzoinated 

 lard, contains 2 per cent, of benzoin. B., Tinct., 20 

 per cent, of the resin in alcohol. Dose sjss-i. B., 

 Tinct. Comp., Friar's Balsam, benzoin 12, aioes 2, 

 styrax 8, balsam of Tolu 4, alcohol, q. s. ad 100 parts. 

 Dose ^ss-ij. Benzoic Acid, C 7 H 6 2 , alcohol the best 

 solvent. A constituent of opii, tinct. camphorat. 

 Dose gr. x-xxv. Trochisci Acidi Benzoici (B. P.). 

 Unguentum Cetacei (B. P.). See Cetaceum. Ammo- 

 nium Benzoate, water the best solvent. Dose gr. 

 v— xxx. Bismuth Benzoate, an antiseptic dressing for 

 chancroid. Lithium Benzoate. Dose gr. v— xxx. Sodi- 

 um Benzoate, water the best solvent. Dose gr. v— jjj. 



Benzol (ben'-zol) [benzoin], C 6 H 6 . A hydrocarbon 

 formed by the dry distillation of organic substances, 

 but derived chiefly from coal-tar. It is inflammable 

 and very volatile, and is an excellent solvent for 

 grease. It is used internally to destroy epizoa. Its 

 vapor is used in whooping-cough. Dose gtt. v-x. 

 See, also, Stains, Table of. B. Balsam. See Stains, 

 Table of. B. Colors. See Conspectus of Pigments, 

 under Pigment. 



Benzo-naphthol (ben-zo-naf '' '-thol) [benzoin; vd<pda, a 

 kind of asphalt], C 10 H 7 O(C 7 H 5 O). The benzoate of 

 beta-naphthol, used as an intestinal antiseptic in 

 typhoid fever and other intestinal diseases. Dose gr. 

 ij to viij. 



Benzonitrile (ben-zo-ni' '-tril) [benzoin; nitrum, niter], 

 C 7 H 5 N. Cyanbenzene ; a compound isomeric witli 

 phenyl carbylamin. It is obtained from benzene sul- 

 phonic acid by distillation with potassium cyanid. It 

 is an oil with an odor resembling that of oil of bitter 

 almonds, and boils at 191 ; its specific gravity is 

 1.023 at o°. 



Benzophenone [ben-zo-fe f -non) [benzoin ; <j>o2vi£, pur- 

 ple-red], C 13 H 10 O. Diphenyl ketone; a compound ob- 

 tained by distilling calcium benzoate. It is dimorphous, 

 but generally crystallizes in large, rhombic prisms, 

 melting at 48-49 , sometimes in rhombohedra, that melt 

 at 27 . It has an aromatic odor and boils at 295°- 



Benzophenoneid (l>en-zo-fe-no' -ne-id) [benzoin ; 6olvi^, 

 purple-red]. Tetramethyl-diapsido-benzo-phenoid; an 

 anilin dye. A solution of one part in 200 parts of 

 water has been pronounced a valuable bactericide, 

 neither caustic nor irritant, and very serviceable in 

 eye-diseases. Unof. 



Benzopurpurin. See Pigments, Conspectus of. 



Benzoquinone (ben-zo f -qwin-dn). See Quinone. 



Benzosalicin (ben-zo-sal' -is-in). See Populin. 



Benzosol (ben-zo f -sol) [benzoin], C, 5 H 12 3 . Benzoyl- 

 guaiacol, an agreeable and harmless substitute for 

 creasote in tuberculous affections. It also has antipy- 

 retic properties. Dose gr. iv-x. 



Benzoyl {ben'-zo-il, or -zoil) [benzoin], C 7 H 5 0. The 

 radical of benzoic acid, of oil of bitter almonds, and 

 of an extensive series of compounds derived from this 

 oil, or connected with it by certain relations. B.- 

 ecgonin, C lfi H 18 N0 4 H, a substance intermediate in 

 composition between cocain and ecgonin. B.-Gly- 

 cocoll. See Acid, Hippuric. B. Green. Same as 

 Malachite Green. B.-Pseudo-tropein. See Tnpa- 

 cocain. 



Benzyl (ben'-zil) [benzoin], C 7 H 7 . An organic ra- 

 dical that does not exist in the free state, but in com- 

 bination forms a considerable number of compounds. 

 B. Alcohol. See Alcohol. B. Violet. See J'ignnnts, 

 Conspectus of. 



