BIERMER'S CHANGE OF NOTE 



205 



BILIN 



Biermer's Change of Note. See Signs and Symptoms, 

 7 able of. 



Bifenestrate (bi-fen-es' -trot). Same as Biperforate. 



Bifid <bi f -fid) [bis, twice ; findere, to cleave]. Divided 

 in two ; cleft, as the spina bifida. 



Bifocal (bi-f/-kal) [bi, two; focus, a point]. With a 

 double focus. Applied to a system of lenses or spectacle- 

 glasses with two foci, chiefly used for the correction of 

 presbyopia, when there is at the same time an error 

 of refraction for distant vision. The distance lens 

 is above that for near work. These are sometimes 



w 



Bifocal Less. 



B. Distance Lens. A. Reading Lens, cemented to the 



Distance lens. 



called Pantoscopic lenses, and also Franklin spectacles, 

 because the device was first made by Benjamin 

 Franklin. They are also called Cement lenses, because 

 now made by cementing the lower segment to the 

 distance lens. 



Biforate (bi-fZ-rat) [bi, two; foratus, perforated]. 

 Having two foramina. 



Biforin (bi'-for-in) [biforis, having two doors]. In 

 biology, the name applied by Turpin to raphides- 

 bearing cells in which the raphides are discharged 

 from both ends of the cell. 



Bifurcate (bi-fer'-kat) [bi, two ; furca, a fork]. Di- 

 vided into two, like a fork. 



Bifurcation (bi-fer-ka' -shun) [bifurcatio; from bi, two ; 

 furca, a fork]. Division into two branches, as of a 

 tooth into two roots ; of the trachea and of the aorta 

 into two branches. 



Big big) [ME., big, large]. Great with young; preg- 

 nant. B.-jaw, actinomycosis in the ox. 



Bigarade (be-gah-ra{h)d f ) [Fr.]. The bitter orange. 

 Its volatile oil {essence or huile de bigarade) is used in 

 pharmacy and in perfumery. 



Bigelovia {big-lo / -ve-ah) [Bigelow, an American botan- 

 ist]. A genus of composite-flowered plants. See 

 Damiana. 



Bigelow's Ligament. The Y-ligament ; ilio-femoral 

 ligament. B.'s Method. See Treatment, Methods of. 

 B.'s Operation. See Operations, Table of B.'s 

 Septum, in anatomy, a layer of hard bony tissue 

 in the neck of the thigh-bone. 



Bigeminate (bi-jem'-indt) [bigeminus, doubled]. In 

 biology, forked, doubled. 



Bigeminum (bi-jem' -in-um) [bi, two; geminus, a 

 twin]. One of the corpora bigemina of the brain ; one 

 of the optic lobes of the brain. 



Biglenoid (bi-gW '-noid ) [bi, two ; y">-ijvn, a socket ; 

 eltioc, form]. Relating to both of any pair of glenoid 

 cavities. 



Bignonia (big-no' -ne-ah) [Bignon, a French sa- 

 vant]. A genus of climbing-plants, often woody. B. 

 alliacea. of the W. Indies, and B. capreolata. of N. 

 America, are regarded as antisyphilitic. Several other 

 species are reputed to be actively medicinal. Unof. 



Bigoniac (bi-go> '-ne-ak) [bi, two ; yuvia, an angle]. Re- 

 lating to the two gonions. 



Bijugular {bi-Ju' '-gu-lar) [bi, two ; jugulum, the collar- 

 bone]. Relating to the two jugular points. 



Bikh (bii) [native Nepalese]. The Nepalese poison, 

 bish ; it is derived from the roots of Aconitum ferox. 

 See Aconite. 



Bilabe (pi' -lab, or be-laiji)^) [Fr.; bi, two ; labium lip]. 

 A surgical instrument for removing foreign bodies 

 from the bladder through the urethra. 



Bilateral (bi-lat'-er-al) [bi, two; latus, aside]. Relat- 

 ing to two sides; sinistrodextral. B. Symmetry, the 

 symmetry of right and left halves. B. Operation. 

 See Lithotomy. 



Bilateralism (bi-laf -er-al-izm) [bi, two; latus a side]. 

 Bilateral symmetry. 



Bile (bil) [bi/is; x o/: hi *h e bile]. The substance secreted 

 by the liver. It is mucilaginous, golden-brown in 

 man, golden-red in carnivora, brownish-green in 

 herbivora, and green in birds. It is composed of 

 biliary salts, cholesterin, mucus, and certain pigments. 

 The principal acids are taurocholic (CjgH^NSO-) and 

 glycocholic (CjgH^NOj), both commonly combined 

 with sodium. The taste of bile is intensely bitter ; its 

 reaction feebly alkaline, and its density from 1026 to 

 1032. It exercises a diastatic action on starch, emul- 

 sifies fats, and precipitates soluble peptone. Its com- 

 position varies, but according to Hoppe-Seyler, in 100 

 parts bile there are of 



Water, • L,«p,^o 



Inorganic matter, ^9168 Parts. 



Organic matter 8.32 " 



Mucus, 1.29 " 



Taurocholate of sodium 0.87 " 



Glycocholate of sodium, 3.03 " 



Saponified fat, 1.39 " 



Cholesterin, 0.35 " 



Lecithin, 0.53 " 



Fat, 0.73 " 



B. Pigments, the coloring-matters of the bile. B. 

 P., Tests for. See Tests, Table of. 



Bilharzia (bi/-har / -ze-ah) [named after Theodor Bil- 

 harz, an helminthologist]. A genus of trematode 

 helminths, established by Cobbold, characterized by 

 having the sexes separate. See Gynecophorus and 

 Parasites (Animal), Table of B. haematobia. See 

 Distoma. 



Bilharziosis (bil-har-ze-o / -sis) [Bilharzia\ The en- 

 semble of symptoms produced by the presence in 

 the intestine of worms of the genus Bilharzia. 



Biliary [bil' -e-a-re) [bi/is, bile]. Pertaining to the bile. 

 B. Acids, glycocholic and taurocholic acids formed in 

 the liver. For tests for B. A. in the urine, see Tests, 

 Table of. B. Colic, colic produced by the passage 

 of gall-stones. See Gall-stones. B. Ducts, the 

 hepatic, the cystic and the ductus communis 

 choledochus. The first leads from the liver, the 

 second from the gall-bladder. The third is a common 

 excretory duct. See Liver. 



Bilicyanin (bil-e-si' -an-in) [bilis, bile ; icvdveoc, blue]. 

 Cholecyanin, choleverdin. A blue pigment obtained 

 from bilirubin. 



Biliflavin (bil-e-fia'-vin) [bilis, bile ; flavus, yellow]. 

 A yellow coloring-matter derivable from biliverdin. 



Bilifulvin (bil-e-ful'-mn) [bilis, bile ; fulwts, fulvous]. 

 An impure form of bilirubin ; also a yellow bile-color 

 from ox-gall, not normally present in human bile. 



Bilifuscin {bil-e-fus / -in) [bilis, bile ; fuscus, brown], 

 C 16 H 10 N i O 4 . A pigmentary matter occurring in bile, 

 and in human gall-stones. 



Bilihumin (bil-e-hu' -min) [bilis, bile; humus, earth]. 

 An insoluble residue left after treating gall-stones with 

 various solvents. 



Bilin (bi'-lin) [bilis, bile]. A mixture of the taurocho- 

 late and glycocholate of sodium, forming a copious 

 resinoid constituent of the bile. 



