BIRHINIA 



208 



BISULCATE 



mucus of the bird. B. Sternum, a deformity of the 

 sternum found in lateral curvature of the spine. 



Birhinia {bi-rin' -e-ah) [bi , two ; pig, the nose]. Aeon- 

 genital defect in which there is the formation of two 

 noses. 



Birth {berth) [ME. , byrth~\ . I . The delivery of a child ; 

 parturition. 2. That which is brought forth in par- 

 turition. B.— mark. See Navus pigmentosus. B.- 

 palsy, any paralytic affection due to an injury re- 

 ceived at birth ; less correctly, a congenital paralytic 

 affection due to a lesion that existed in the fetal state. 

 See Paraplegia, Infantile Spasmodic. B., Partial, 

 the incomplete expulsion of a child in labor ; of legal 

 value in lawsuits for property. B., Plural, the birth 

 of more than a single child. B., Posthumous, the 

 birth of a child after the death of .its father. B., 

 Precocious, the occurrence of natural labor after 

 a shorter pregnancy than is usual. B., Premature. 

 See Labor. B.-rate, the proportion of births per 

 thousand. B.-root. See Beth Root. B.-wort, the 

 plant Aristolochia climatitis (see Aristolochia), so 

 called from its former employment as a depurant after 

 childbirth. Unof. B., Still. See Still-born. Some 

 of the Tests of live birth are appended : Breslau 

 Test. If the intestines and stomach of the infant 

 float in water on removal from the body it was 

 thought to be proof that the child was born alive. 

 This test is of no value. Hydrostatic Test. Suggested 

 by Raygat. It consists in placing the lungs in water 

 and noting their specific gravity. If inflation has 

 occurred they will float. This test is valuable. Plouc- 

 quefs Test. This consists in estimating the ratio 

 of the weight of the lungs to the weight of the body 

 of the child. Ploucquet laid down this rule, that 

 before respiration the weight of the lungs compared to 

 the weight of the body was in the ratio of I to 70, 

 and that after respiration it was in the ratio of I to 

 35. The test is of but slight value. Static test. 

 Also called FoderP s or Schmidt's Test. This consists 

 in ascertaining the absolute weight of the lungs, and 

 comparing this weight with the average lung- weights 

 of stillborn children, and of children who have died 

 soon after birth. Fodere fixes the weight of the lungs 

 of stillborn children born at term at 480 grains (1 oz.), 

 and 960 grains (2 oz.) as the weight of the lungs soon 

 after breathing has been established. This test is also . 

 of but slight value. 



Bisacromial (bis-ak-ro' '-me-al) [bis, two ; aKpuuia, the 

 point of the shoulder-blade]. Relating to the two 

 acromia. 



Biscara Button {bis' -kar-ah but'-un). See Furun- 

 culus orientalis. 



Bischoffs Operation. See Operations, Table of. 



Biscuit (bis f -kit) [Fr. , "twice baked"]. A kind of 

 cake ; properly, a small, hard cake. In French phar- 

 macy, medicated biscuits of various kinds are known. 

 B., Camplin's, biscuits made of bran for the use of 

 diabetics. They are made as follows : Take one quart 

 of wheat-bran and boil in two successive waters for 

 fifteen minutes, straining the mixture through a sieve 

 until the water comes through clear ; after each wash- 

 ing squeeze in a cloth until perfectly dry ; spread thinly 

 on a dish and place in a slow oven. If put in at 

 night, let it remain in until morning, when, if dry and 

 crisp, it is fit for grinding. The mass so obtained must be 

 ground in a fine mill and passed through a wire sieve 

 so fine that a brush will be required to push the flour 

 through. Grind again that which remains in the 

 sieve until quite soft and fine. Take three ounces of 

 the powder, three new-laid eggs, from one and a half 

 to two ounces of butter and about half a pint of milk. 

 Mix the eggs with a little of the milk, and warm the 



butter with the other portion. Stir the whole well 

 together, adding a little nutmeg and ginger or other 

 spices. Bake in small well-buttered tins in a rather 

 quick oven for about half an hour. Make the cake a 

 little thicker than a captain's biscuit. 



Biscuiting (lns f -kit-ing). See Block Teeth. 



Bisection {bi-sek' -shun) [bi, two ; sectio, a cutting]. 

 In obstetrics, embryotomy. 



Bisexual {bi-seks 1 '-u-al) [bi, two; sexus, sex]. Having 

 the reproductive organs of both sexes. Hermaphrodite. 



Bish {pish). Same as Bikk. 



Bishop's (Stanmore) Operation. See Operations, 

 Table of. B.'s Weed. See Ajowan. 



Bishoping {bish f -op-ing) [ME. , bischopen] . In farriery, 

 filing a space between the teeth of a horse. 



Bisiliac {bis-W -e-ak) [bis, two ; iliacus\ Relating to the 

 two most distant points of the two iliac crests. 



Bisischiadic {bis-is-ke-ad' -ik) [bis, two ; laKiadinog, 

 relating to the hip] . Relating to corresponding points 

 on the two ischia. 



Biskra Boil, or Button. See Furunculus orientalis. 



Bismarck Brown. Same as Phenylene Brown and 

 Vesuvin. 



Bismuth, or Bismuthum (biz'-muth) [L., gen., Bis- 

 mutht]. Bi — 210 ; quantivalence I, III, v. A pink- 

 ish-white crystalline metal, not used in medicine in its 

 metallic form. Its commercial salts are likely to contain 

 arsenic. The insoluble salts of bismuth are feebly 

 astringent and are useful in disordered digestion, acne, 

 eczema, etc. B. et Ammonii Citras, soluble in 

 water. Dose gr. j-v. B. et Ammon. Citras, 

 Liquor (B.P.). Dose gss-j. B. Carbonas (B.P.), 

 (Bi 2 2 C0 3 ) 2 ,H, 2 0. Dose gr. v-xx. B. Citras, BiC 6 - 

 H 5 7 , soluble in water of ammonia ; used in the U. S. 

 only for pharmaceutic purposes. Dose gr. ij-v. B. 

 Oxid. (B.P.), Bi 2 O s . Dose gr. v-xv. B. Oxy- 

 chlorid, pearl white. Unof. It is used as a cosmetic. 

 B. Pulvis, Comp., Ferrier's Snuff. Contains two 

 grains of hydrochlorate of morphin in one ounce, with 

 bismuth and acacia. It is used for treating coryza. B. 

 Salicylas. Bi(C 7 H 5 3 ) 3 .Bi 2 3 . Dose gr. v-x. B. 

 Subcarbonas, (BiO) 2 C0 3 .H 2 0, insoluble ; it is best 

 given in emulsion with milk. Dosegr. x-gj. B. Sub- 

 gallate. See Dermatol. B. Subiodid, BiOI, used as. 

 an antiseptic dusting-powder, like iodoform. B. Sub- 

 nitras, BiON0 3 .H 2 0, the salt chiefly used in medi- 

 cine. It is also used as a cosmetic. Dose gr. x-sjj. 

 B. Test. See Tests, Table of. B., Trochisci (B.P.) ; 

 each contains gr. ij. B., Unguent., 60 grains to one 

 ounce. For herpes, piles, etc. B.White. See Con- 

 spectus of Pigments, under Pigment. 



Bissa {bis' -ah) [native African]. An affection of man 

 and sheep, common in Egypt, and characterized by 

 the production of edema. B. Bol, a kind of myrrh, 

 from Balsamodendron Kafal, a tree of E. Africa. It 

 is used largely in adulterating the finer grades of . 

 myrrh, and is said to stimulate powerfully the flow of 

 milk in cows. Unof. 



Bistellate {bi-stel' -at) [bi, two; stella, a star]. Shaped 

 like a double star. 



Bistephanic {bi-ste-fan 1 '-ik) [bi, two ; arttyaviov, dim. 

 of orepavog, a wreath]. Relating to the stephanions. 



Bistort {bis' -tort) [bis, twice ; tortus, twisted]. Snake- 

 weed, Adder's-wort. The rhizome of Polygonum bis- 

 torta, an astringent. Dose of fld. ext. TT^xx-xl. Unof. 



Bistoury {bis'-to-re) [Fr. bistourt\. A small (straight in- 

 curved) knife used in surgery. B. -cache, one that has 

 the blade concealed for passing to the point to be in- 

 cised, and by pressure on the handle the blade is exposed 

 and the incision made. 



Bisulcate {bi-sul'-kat) [bi, two; sulcus, a furrow]. 

 Having two furrows or grooves. 



