BLEPHAROPLASTY 



213 



BLOOD 



Blepharoplasty (blef ' -ar-o-plas-te) \_fikk$ap<w , the eye- 

 lid ; ■rz'kaooiiv, to form]. An operation for the for- 

 mation of any part of the eyelid destroyed by wound 

 or lesion, by engrafting or transplanting from a con- 

 tiguous healthy part. 



Blepharoplegia (blef-ar-o-pW -je-ah) \ffkk$apon> , the eye- 

 lid ; ir/.rjyri, a stroke] . Paralysis of an eyelid. 



Blepharoptosis (blefar-op-to' '-sis)[j3Xeipapov, the eyelid; 

 -xruatc, a fall]. Ptosis of an upper eyelid. See Ptosis. 



Blepharopyorrhea (blef-ar-o-pi-or-e' '-ah) [3%e<kipov, 

 the eyelid ; rrvov pus ; peeiv, to flow]. A flow of pus 

 from the eyelid. 



Blepharorrhaphy (blef-ar-or' -a-fe) [jHeQapov, the eye- 

 lid; pa&T), a seam]. The stitching together of a part 

 of the blepharal slit. 



Blepharorrhea (blefar-or-e' '-ah) [fitefyapov, the eyelid ; 

 poia, a flow]. A discharge from the eyelid. 



Blepharospasm (blef ' -ar-o-spazm) [filefyapov, the eye- 

 lid; otranfidc, a spasm]. Spasm of the orbicularis 

 palpebrarum muscle. Excessive winking. 



Blepharospath (blef -ar-o-spath) [j3/Mapov, the eyelid ; 

 cTzadrj, a blade]. A forceps for taking up or holding 

 an artery ; for use in operations on the eyelid. 



Blepharostat (blef -ar-o-stat) [3X£<fxipov, the eyelid ; 

 lordvai, to cause to stand]. An instrument for hold- 

 ing the eyelids apart or firm whilst performing opera- 

 tions upon the eyes or lids. 



Blepharostenosis (blefar-o-ste-no / -sis) [3?J(f>apov, the 

 eyelid ; orevog, narrow]. Diminution of the space 

 between the eyelids. 



Blepharosynechia (blefar-o-sin-ek-i' '-ah) [37I$apov, 

 the eyelid ; cwexeia, a holding together]. The adhe- 

 sion or growing together of the eyelids. 



Blepharotomy (blef-ar-ot r -o-me) [3/.£<}>apov, the eyelid; 

 reuveiv, to cut]. Incision into the eyelid. B., Ob- 

 lique. Sphincterotomy, or Stell wag's operation. 

 See Operations , Table of. 



Blesitas (hie* '-sit-as) \bl<zsus, a lisping]. Stammering 

 or lisping ; the use of a vocalized consonant instead 

 of a mute ; as b for p. Also the condition of one with 

 distorted limbs. Applied also to an angular curvature 

 of the spine. The term is loosely used. 



Blessed Thistle. (bles / -ed thiV-l). See Cardmis. 



Blight (blit) [origin unknown]. A partial paralysis of 

 certain facial nerves, arising from sudden or extreme 

 cold. B. of the Eye, an extravasation of blood 

 within the conjunctiva. 



Blind (blind) [AS., blind}. Without sight. Deprived 

 of sight. B. Spot, that part of the area of the fundus 

 of the eye where the optic nerve enters. B. Staggers. 

 See Staggers. 



Blinder (blind / -er) [AS., blind}. A shield worn before 

 an eye, to temporarily throw it out of function. See 

 Gould, Method of. B. Treatment of monocular 

 amblyopia. See Gould, Method of . 



Blindness (blind f -nes) [AS., blind}. Want of vision. 

 Color-B., subnormal perception of colors. This con- 

 dition is found in about 4 per cent, of people, is more 

 frequent in men than in women, and is probably due to 

 non-exercise of the color sense. Complete Color- 

 B. is very rare, the different colors probably appear- 

 ing as different intensities or shades of white light. In 

 Partial Color-B. subnormal perception of red is the 

 most frequent, green, blue and yellow, respectively, 

 being next in order. Tests for Color-B. usually 

 consist in matching and classifying colored yarns. 

 Cortical B., B. due to lesion of the cortical center 

 of vision. Day-B. See Nyctalopia. Mind-B. See 

 Psychic B. Moon-B., a rare condition of retinal 

 anesthesia said to be due to exposure of the eyes to the 

 moon's rays in sleeping. Night-B. See Hemera- 

 lopia. B., Object-. See Apraxia. Psychic B., 



loss of conscious visual sensation from destruction of 

 the cerebral visual center ; there is sight but not recog- 

 nition. Snow-B., photophobia and conjunctivitis due 

 to exposure of the eyes to the glare of sunlight upon 

 snow. B., Word-. See Aphasia. 



Blister (blis'-ter) [ME., blister, a vesicle]. A vesicle 

 resulting from the exudation of serous fluid between 

 the epidermis and true skin. Also the agent by which 

 the blister is produced. B., Fly, a beetle, Cantharis 

 vesicatoria , the body of which is used as a blistering 

 agent; a blister of cantharides. B., Flying, a blister 

 that remains long enough to produce redness of the 

 skin and not vesication. B. Test, for gout. The 

 serum from a blister in a gouty individual will yield 

 crystals of uric acid when examined by Garrod's thread 

 test (q. v.), only, however, when the blister is situated 

 at a distance from the affected joint. According to 

 Garrod the acid cannot be detected in the fluid from 

 a blister in the neighborhood of the gouty articulation, 

 and he infers that gouty inflammation causes a local 

 destruction of uric acid. 



Blistering (bits' '-ter-ing) [ME., blister, a vesicle]. 

 Forming a vesicle upon the skin. B. Collodion, a 

 solution of cantharidin in ether. B. Liquid. Same 

 as B. Collodion. B. Paper, paper saturated with 

 cantharides ; used for producing vesication. 



Bloat {blot) [ME. ,blote, swelling]. 1. Puffiness; edema ; 

 turgidity from any cause, as from anasarca. 2. A form 

 of colic in the horse produced by tympanitic distention 

 of the intestines. Also called Wind Colic. 



Block (blok) [ME., blok, a piece of wood]. In dentistry 

 a mass of gold foil for filling teeth, made by folding a 

 tape of foil upon itself several times by means of pliers. 

 B. Teeth. Two or more artificial teeth carved from 

 a piece of ivory, or carved or moulded from a mass of 

 porcelain paste and afterwards baked and enamelled. 

 B. Teeth, Biscuiting, or Crucing of. The teeth, 

 after being moulded or carved, are placed on a slide 

 and put in the muffle of a furnace and subjected to a 

 bright-red heat, by which process the particles become 

 sufficiently agglutinated and hardened to receive the 

 enamel. This is called biscuiting or crucing. 



Blond (blond) [Fr., blond, light, fair]. 1. Light com- 

 plexioned ; fair. 2. A person with a fair complexion. 



Blood (blud) [ME., blood}. The fluid that circulates 

 through the heart, arteries, and veins, supplying nutri- 

 tive material to all parts of the body. In the human 

 being the blood of the arteries is bright-red ; that of 

 the veins dark-red. Blood consists of colorless plasma 

 in which are suspended the red and colorless corpus- 

 cles. When exposed to the air it coagulates, forming 

 a red-clot and a yellowish fluid called serum. Healthy 

 blood consists of 79 per cent of water, and 21 per cent, 

 solids. B. -Casts, tube- 

 casts to which red-blood 

 corpuscles are attached. 

 B. -Corpuscles, small, 

 circular, biconcave discs 

 floating in the blood. Red 

 corpuscles are circular in 

 mammals (except the 

 camel), and elliptical in 

 birds and reptiles. In 

 man they are about -j-yVfr 

 inch in diameter and 



TT&TTff inch thick. Color- 

 less corpuscles are about 

 one-third larger in diame- 

 ter and comparatively few. 

 They exhibit movements 

 similar to those of ameba. 

 The coloring-matter of the B. is found in a substance 



Human Colored Blood- 

 Corpuscles. 

 1, on the flat; 2, on edge.- 

 . 3, rouleau of corpuscles. 

 {After Landois.) 



