BRANCH 



234 



BREATH 



Branch {branch) [ME., branche\. A name given to 

 the divisions or offshoots of blood-vessels, lymphatics, 

 or nerves, from the trunk or main stem. 



Branchiae {prang* '-ke-e) [fipayxia, gills]. The gills of 

 fishes. 



Branchial {brang' -ke-at) [fipayx'a, gills]. Pertaining 

 to branchiae. B. Arches. See Arches. B. Open- 

 ings. See Clefts, Visceral. 



Branchiostegite {brang-ke-os' '-tej-lt) \jipayx'a, gi^s » 

 OTEyj], a roof]. In biology, that portion of the cara- 

 pace of a crustacean that covers the gills and branchial 

 chamber. 



Branchireme {brang' -ke-rem) \branchice, gills ; remus, 

 an oar, hand or foot of a swimmer]. In biology, a 

 crustacean having gill-bearing legs. 



Branchus (brang' -kus) [flpayxog, hoarseness]. Hoarse- 

 ness. 



Brand Bath. See Bath. B. Method. See Treatment, 

 Methods of. 



Brandt's Method. See Treatment, Methods of. B.'s 

 Operation. See Operations , Table of. 



Brandy {bran'-de). See Spiritus. B. Nose. See 

 Acne rosacea . 



Branks (brangks) [Gael. , brancas, a kind of pillory]. 

 The mumps. 



Branny {bran'-e) [ME., bran]. Like bran. B. 

 Kidney. Same as Large White Kidney, q. v. B. 

 Tetter. Synonym of Pityriasis. 



Brasdor's Operation. See Operations, Table of. 



Brash {brash) [Dutch, braaken, to vomit]. A common 

 name indicating almost any disorder of the digestive 

 system; any rash, or eruption; a short fit of illness. 

 B., Water. See Pyrosis. 



Brasilin (bra f -zil-in) [ME., brasil], C ]6 H u 5 . Brazilin, 

 a coloring-matter found in Brazil-wood and red- wood ; 

 it crystallizes in white, shining needles, and dissolves 

 in alkalies with a carmin-red color on exposure to the 

 air. See Pigments, Conspectus of. 



Brass {bras) [ME., bras']. An alloy of copper with 25- 

 40 per cent, of zinc. B. -Founder's Ague. See 

 Ague. 



Brassica {bras'-ik-ah) [AS., brassica, cabbage]. A 

 genus of plants, Nat. Order, Cruciferce, including the 

 common cabbage. B. acidulata, sour crout (or Sauer 

 Kraut). B. asperifolia esculenta, the common 

 turnip. B. cauliflora (or florida), the cauliflower. 

 B. cumana or rubra, the red cabbage. B. napus, 

 the rape plant. B. nigra, the black mustard. B. 

 sativa, the common cabbage. 



Brassidic Acid {bras-id' -ik). See Acid. 



Braun's Canal. See Canal. B. Operation. See 

 Operations, Table of. B. Test. See Tests, Table 

 of. 



Braune {braun). See Brunissure. 



Braune's Canal. See Canal. 



Brawn {brazan) [ME., braun, a piece of flesh]. The 

 flesh of a muscle ; well-developed muscles. 



Brawny {brawn'-e) [ME., brawn, a piece of flesh]. 

 Fleshy ; muscular. B. Induration, pathologic harden- 

 ing and thickening of the tissues. 



Braxy {braks'-e) [E. dial.]. A term applied to cer- 

 tain forms of blood-disease, as anthrax in sheep. Three 

 forms are recognized by shepherds : a, turnip ; b, 

 wet; c, red. B., Red, a form of septicemia in sheep 

 in which the tissues are uniformly stained of a deep- 

 red color by the coloring-matter of the blood. B., 

 Turnip, a form of malnutrition of the blood occur- 

 ring in sheep that are fed on an unlimited supply of 

 roots, particularly of swedes. The attack is sudden in 

 onset, short in duration, and fatal in termination. See 

 Bacillus anthracis, Pollender and Davaine, under 

 Bacteria, Synonymatic Table of. 



Brayera {bra-ye' -rah) [Fr., brayer]. Koosoo, koosso, 

 koso, kousso, cusso. The female inflorescence of 

 Hagenia abyssinica, containing tannic acid, a volatile 

 oil and a crystalline principle, Koussin, C 31 H 38 O 10 . 

 In large doses it produces nausea and emesis. It is 

 valuable mainly as an anthelmintic against tapeworm. 

 Dose ^ij-^ss, in infusion of boiling water. B., 

 Ext., Fid., dose gij-Jjj. Infusum Cusso (B. P.). 

 Dose i| iv-viij. 



Bread {bred) [Sax., bredan to nourish; 'Lot., pants; Gr., 

 aproq] . A mixture of flour and water made porous by 

 carbon dioxid and then baked. The flour may be of 

 wheat, corn, oat, or rye. The carbon dioxid may be 

 introduced by decomposing an alkaline jarbonate 

 (sodium or potassium), by an acid (" cream of tartar ") , 

 or by fermenting the starch with yeast. B., Brown, 

 a kind of bread made from a mixture of corn, rye and 

 wheat flour. B., Graham, made from unbolted wheat 

 flour ; it contains more gluten, diastase and mineral 

 phosphates than ordinary bread. B., White, bread 

 made from bolted wheaten flour, and therefore defi- 

 cient in diastase, gluten and mineral phosphates. 

 Other kinds, such as rye (or black), corn, bran, barley, 

 etc. , indicate their composition by their name. B.- 

 jelly, a food of service as an occasional change from 

 mushes, but with a tendency to constipate if given 

 freely. It is prepared by pouring boiling water upon 

 stale bread and allowing it to soak for an hour. The 

 water is then removed, fresh water added, and the 

 whole boiled until a thick mass forms. On pouring off 

 the excess of water and cooling, a jelly-like material re- 

 mains which may be eaten with milk or sugar. 

 B. -mould. See Ascophora. B. -paste, a culture- 

 medium for bacteria. Stale, coarse bread is dried, 

 ground to powder and made into a paste with water. 

 It is well suited for the growth of moulds. 



Break {brak) [ME., breken, to break]. In electricity, 

 an opening in the circuit of a battery. See Make. In 

 surgery, a fracture. B.-bone Fever. See Dengue. 

 B. Shock, a term sometimes employed in electro- 

 therapeutics for the physiologic shock produced on 

 the opening or breaking of an electric circuit. 



Breast {brest) [ME., b rest, the breast]. The upper 

 anterior part of the body between the neck and abdo- 

 men. Also, the mamma. B.-bone. See Sternum. 

 B., Broken, abscess of the mammary gland. B., 

 Chicken, Pectus carinatum ; a deformity marked by 

 prominence of the sternal portion of the chest. B. 

 Glass, a glass receptacle for the overflow of milk 

 from the breast. B. Pang, angina pectoris. See Ste- 

 nocardia. B. Pump. SeeAntlia. B., Pigeon. Same 

 as B. , Chicken. B. Tea, German, a mixture of 

 althea, or marshmallow, eight parts ; coltsfoot leaves, 

 four parts ; liquorice, three parts ; anise and mullein 

 leaves, each two parts; orris, one part : this is called 

 also species pectoralis. 



Breastweed. See Saururus cernuus. 



Breath {breth) [AS., brath\. The air exhaled from the 

 lungs. It has lost a part of its oxygen and gained a 

 certain but varying amount of ammonia, aqueous vapor 

 and carbon dioxid from the oxidation of the waste- 

 matter of the blood. Also applied to the air inspired. 

 B. Sounds, the respiratory sounds heard upon 

 auscultation. In the healthy chest three varieties of 

 respiratory sounds may be recognized : I. Those pro- 

 duced in the glottis, and audible over the lower end 

 of the trachea — tracheal or bronchial breathing. 2. 

 Those produced in the alveoli and audible over the 

 lungs — vesicular breathing. 3. Those audible about 

 the roots of the lungs, combining the character of the 

 two preceding — broncho-vesicular breathing. A Table 

 of Breath- Sounds is given on the next page. 



