BRILLIANT 



237 



BROMAMID 



and the kidney resulting is called the " small red 

 granular kidney" the " red contracted kidney," 

 and at times the ' ' gouty kidney ' ' or the " arterio- 

 sclerotic kidney. ' ' This kidney is usually much di- 

 minished in size and weight ; the capsule is greatly 

 thickened and adherent, so that it cannot be removed 

 without tearing the kidney-tissue. The renal sub- 

 stance is reddish, granular, with small cysts, and firm 

 on section. Microscopically, there is found a great 

 increase in the interstitial tissue, reducing the caliber 

 of the tubules. This excess of fibrous tissue has given 

 origin to the name " cirrhotic kidney," and this form of 

 Bright* s disease is frequently associated with gout, 

 syphilis, chronic lead-poisoning, or alcoholic excess. 

 Albuminoid degeneration of the kidneys is also known 

 as the amyloid, toaxy, or lardaceous kidney. This 

 kidney is enlarged and quite pale ; its consistence is 

 firm, and the section has a peculiar, glistening, bacon- 

 like appearance. The glomeruli stand out as bright 

 points upon the surface ; the capsule peels off easily 

 and leaves a smooth surface. Iodin applied to the 

 surface of the section turns the diseased portions a 

 mahogany-brown color. The change in this disease is 

 most marked in the glomeruli and the blood-vessel 

 walls, but may be found elsewhere ; it is most fre- 

 quently due to prolonged suppuration, bone and joint 

 disease, tuberculosis, syphilis, malaria, and mercurial 

 poisoning. The onset of chronic Bright" s disease is 

 usually insidious, and may only be indicated by slight 

 puffiness of the eyelids or the ankles, shortness of 

 breath, dull and persistent headache, disorder of vision 

 and hebetude. The pulse is one of high arterial ten- 

 . sion, and there is hypertrophy of the left ventricle of 

 the heart, especially in the case of the contracted 

 kidney ; there is frequent micturition, progressive 

 anemia, dryness of the skin, indigestion, and a ten- 

 dency to uremia. The urine is always scanty with the 

 large white kidney, but abundant with the other forms 

 of the disease. The specific gravity and the reaction 

 vary ; occasionally there may be present a small 

 quantity of blood, and albumin is always present at 

 some period in chronic Bright' s disease. The quantity 

 of albumin is very large in the large white and amy- 

 loid kidneys ; very slight in the contracted form. Mi- 

 croscopically, the urine contains renal epithelium, 

 granular and fatty matter, and tube-casts. The latter 

 are most plentiful in the large white kidney, but are 

 never so numerous as in acute nephritis ; they are 

 granular, fatty, and hyaline in nature. A frequent 

 symptom of chronic Bright' s disease is the so-called 

 " albuminuric retinitis," in which condition there are 

 ecchymoses of the retina, together with white glisten- 

 ing spots, most numerous near the macula lutea. and 

 frequently arranged in lines like the radiations from 

 a star. This is diagnostic of chronic renal disease. 

 The prognosis of chronic Bright' s disease is bad, death 

 eventually resulting from uremia or apoplexy. 



Brilliant (bril'-yant) [Fr.]. Bright, glittering. B. 

 Green. See Pigments, Conspectus of. B. Yellow. 

 See Pigments, Conspectus of. 



Brim [brim) [ME., brim]. An edge or margin. B. of 

 Pelvis. See Pelvis. 



Brimstone (brim f -ston). See Sulphur. 



Brine Test. See Tests, Table of. 



Brinton's Operation. See Operations, Table of 



Briquet's Ataxia. See Ataxia, and Diseases, Table of. 



Briquettes (brik-etz'). See Pitch. 



Brise-coque (brez'-kok) [Fr., "shell-breaker"]. An 

 instrument for crushing the shell of a calculus after its 

 inner part has been pulverized. 



Brisement (brez-mon ( g}' ) [Fr.]. A crushing; the 

 forcible breaking up of an ankylosis. 



Brise-pierre (brez'-pe-ar') [Fr. , "stone-crusher"]. 

 An old form of lithotrite. 



Bristle {bris'-l) [ME., bristel\ In biology, a stiff, 

 coarse hair on certain animals and plants. A stiff 

 feather. B.-cell, any one of the ciliated cells at the 

 terminations of the auditory nerve-filaments. B., Den- 

 tist's. See Nerve- Bristles. 



British (brit'-ish) [L., Britanni, the original inhabit- 

 ants of Britain]. Of or pertaining to Great Britain. 

 B. Gum. See Dextrin. B. Oil, a mixture 

 of petroleum, Barbadoes tar, oil of amber, oil of 

 juniper, oil of turpentine and linseed oil ; it is prized 

 as a domestic remedy. Unof. 



Broach, "Watchmaker's {brooch). A five-sided 

 steel instrument used by dentists for enlarging the 

 canal in the root, and the opening into a decayed 

 cavity in the crown of a tooth. 



Broad {prod) [NF.., brood]. Wide; extensive. B. 

 Land Irrigation. See Sewage, Disposal of. B.- 

 leafed Laurel. See Kalmia. B. Ligament. See 

 Ligament. B. Tapeworm. See Bothriocephalus 

 lalus. 



Broca, " Grand Lobe Limbique " of. The cortical 

 cerebral convolution formed by the continuation of the 

 gyrus hippocampi with the gyrus fomicatus. This 

 should not be confused with " Broca' s Convolution," 

 i. e. , the third left frontal. 



Broca's Angles. See Angle. B. Aphasia. See Dis- 

 eases, Table of B. Area, the speech-center of the 

 frontal convolution. B. Auricular Point, the cen- 

 ter of the external auditory meatus. B. Center. 

 See Center. B. Convolution. See Convolutions, 

 Table of. B. Fissure. See Fissures, Table of B. 

 Plane, the alveolo-condyloid plane. A line passing 

 from the alveolar process of the superior maxilla and 

 through the lowest part (condyles) of the occipital 

 bone, the shaven head being so placed that this line 

 shall be horizontal. This is employed in cranio- 

 cerebral topography. B. Speech-center, the folded 

 part of the base of the third frontal gyrus. 



Brochus (bro / -kus) [L.]. A person whose teeth pro- 

 ject, or one who has a prominent upper lip. 



Brocq's Pomade. A pomade used in lupus erythe- 

 matosus. It consists of salicylic and lactic acids, 

 each ^ss; resorcin, grs. xiv; oxid of zinc, 3 ij ; pure 

 vaselin, ^xvij. 



Brodie's Disease. Same as Brodie's Knee. B. Knee. 

 See Diseases, Table of 



Brokaw Ring (brok'-aw ring). A ring used in intes- 

 tinal anastomosis, made of segments of rubber drain- 

 age-tubing and threaded with catgut strands. 



Broken {bro'-ken) [AS., brocen, to break]. In surgery, 

 fractured, as a bone. B. Breast, abscess of the 

 mammary gland. B. Wind, B.-winded, in farriery, 

 a term applied to a condition of heart-strain following 

 severe muscular effort. It is characterized by par- 

 oxysms of cardiac dyspnea. See Heaves. B.-wing 

 Fever. Synonym of Dengue. 



Bromal (br^-mal) [3puuo$, a stench; aldehyd], 

 CBr 3 .CHO. Tribromaldehyd, analogous to chloral. 

 It is produced by the action of bromin on alcohol. 

 It is a colorless, oily fluid, of a penetrating odor, and 

 sharp burning taste, boiling at I72°-I73° ; it has been 

 used in medicine, having properties similar to those of 

 chloral. B. Hydrate, CBr 3 .CHO -I- H,0, a fluid of 

 oily consistence, having a structure similar to that of 

 chloral hydrate, but more irritating and narcotic than 

 the latter. It is used as a hypnotic and in epilepsy. 

 Dose gr. j-v. Unof. 



Bromamid {bro* -mam-id) [(Jpafwc, a stench; amid]. 

 A bromin compound of the anilid group with the 

 formula, C 8 H,Br,NH.HBr. It contains 75 per cent. 



