CARAPA 



261 



CARBOHYDRATE 



Carapa {kar'-ap-ah) \caraipi, a native Guiana name]. 

 A genus of tropical meliaceous trees. C. gui- 

 anensis has an antispasmodic and febrifuge bark, 

 and its seeds afford carapa oil, a protective against 

 insects and vermin. C. touloucouna, of W. Africa, 

 and C. indica, of Asia, have similar properties. 

 Unof. 



Carate {kah-rah' '-te) [S. America]. I. A skin-disease 

 local in tropical America, marked by blue, brown, 

 scarlet, or rosy patches on the skin ; it is usually 

 confined to persons not of the white race. 2. A kind 

 of camphor produced in S. America from the plant 

 Momordica charantia. 



Carauna (kar-av/-nah). See Caranna. 



Caraway {har* -ah-wa) . See Carum. 



Carbacidometer {karb-as-id-om' '-et-er) [carbo, a coal ; 

 aridum, acid; fierpov, a measure]. A form of air- 

 tester for estimating the amount of carbonic acid gas 

 in the atmosphere of a room or compartment. 



Carbamic Acid {kar-bam f -ik as / -id). See Acid. 



Carbamid {kar^-bam-id, or -mid) [carbo, a coal ; amid~\ , 

 CH 4 N,0. Urea. Amid of carbbxyl. It is prepared 

 from urine, and crystallizes in long, rhombic prisms or 

 needles that have a cooling taste. It is soluble in one 

 part of cold water and in five parts of alcohol, but 

 almost insoluble in ether ; it melts at 132 ; at a 

 higher temperature it decomposes into ammonia, 

 ammelid, biuret, and cyanuric acid; it is found in 

 urine and in various animal fluids. 



Carbanil {kar'-ban-il) [carbo, a. coal; anilin], CjH 5 NO. 

 Phenyl isocyanate ; a compound produced in the 

 distillation of oxanilid. It is a mobile liquid, 

 boiling at 163 , and has a pungent odor, provoking 

 tears. 



Carbanilamid (kar ban-W -am-id) [carbo, a coal; ani- 

 lin ; amid], C,H g N 2 . Phenylurea ; prepared by 

 evaporating the aqueous solution of anilin hydrochlo- 

 rid and potassium isocyanid. It forms needles easily 

 soluble in hot water, alcohol, and ether, and melting 



at 144-145°- 

 Carbanilid {kar-ban' '-il-id) [carbo, coal; anilin], 

 C 13 H, 2 N 2 0. Diphenyl urea; a compound formed by 

 the action of phosgene gas on anilin, or by heating 

 carbanilamid with anilin to 190 . It consists of silky 



needles, easily soluble in alcohol and ether, but 

 sparingly soluble in water, and melts at 235 . 



Carbasus {kar* -bas-us) [napjiaoa, cotton]. Gauze; 

 thin muslin used in surgery. C. carbolata (N. F.), 

 carbolized gauze. C. iodoformata (X. F.), iodo- 

 form gauze. 



Carbazol ykar* -baz-ol) [carbo, coal ; azotum, nitrogen], 

 CjjHgX. Diphenylimid ; a body produced when the 

 vapors of anilin are conducted through a tube heated 

 to redness. It is a by-product in the manufacture of 

 anilin. It dissolves in hot alcohol, ether, and benzene, 

 and crystallizes in colorless leaflets that melt at 238 . 



Carbazotate (kar-baz-</ -tat) [carbo, a coal; azotum, 

 nitrogen]. Same as Picrate. 



Carbazotic Acid {kar-baz-ot'-ik). See Picric Acid. 



Carbo {kar' -bo) [L.]. A coal; charcoal. C. ani- 

 malis, animal charcoal ; bone-black ; it is used in 

 pharmacy and in manufacturing chemistry largely as a 

 decolorizing-agent and as a filter. C. animalis puri- 

 ficatus, purified animal charcoal. C. ligni, wood- 

 charcoal ; an absorbent, disinfectant, and deodorizer, 

 used in poulticing wounds and dressing ulcers. Given 

 powdered, in capsules, it relieves gastric irritation. 



Carbohydrate {kar-bo-ki'-drdt) [carbo, coal ; viup, 

 water]. An organic substance containing hydrogen 

 and oxygen in the proportion in which they form water : 

 that is, twice as many hydrogen as oxygen atoms, and 

 usually six carbon atoms or some multiple of six. 

 The carbohydrates form a large group of interesting 

 organic compounds, and may be arranged into three 

 groups : the glucoses {monoses) ; the disaccharids, or 

 sugars ; and the polysaccharids. The glucoses are the 

 aldehyd-derivatives or ketone-derivatives of the hexa- 

 hydric alcohols, into which they may be converted 

 by the absorption of two hydrogen atoms. They 

 are mostly crystalline substances, very soluble in 

 water, but dissolving with difficulty in alcohol. They 

 possess a sweet taste The disaccharids and poly- 

 saccharids are ethereal anhydrids of the glucoses. 

 All of them may be converted into the glucoses 

 by hydrolytic decomposition. The disaccharids are 

 ether-like anhydrids of the hexoses. A Table of 

 Carbohydrates is added. C, Test for. See Tests, 

 Table of. 



SERIES OF THE CARBOHYDRATES. 



1. GLUCOSES. 



