CHINOIDIN 



288 



CHLORAL 



substance deposited by an insect, Coccus cerifera, upon 

 the Chinese ash-tree. It is a white, very crystalline, 

 and brittle wax, resembling spermaceti in appearance, 

 with a specific gravity of .973 at 15 C. ; it fuses at 

 82 to 83 C. It is slightly soluble in alcohol and 

 ether, very soluble in benzene. It is used in candle - 

 making. C. White. Same as Zinc-white. C. 

 Yellow. Same as Xing' 1 ! Yellow and Ocher. 



Chinoidin, or Chinoidinum {kin-oi'-din, or kin-oi-din' '- 

 um) [Sp. , Chind\. Quinoidin. A mixture of 

 amorphous alkaloids obtained in the manufacture of 

 quinin. It has the therapeutic properties of quinin. 



Chinolin {kin' -o-lin). See Chinolina and Quinolin. 



Chinolina {kin-o-W -nah) [china, quinin], C 9 H 7 N. 

 Chinolin, Leukolin. An alkaloidal derivative of quinin 

 and cinchonin, occurring also in coal-tar. It is now 

 generally prepared by heating anilin or nitro-benzol 

 with glycerin and a dehydrating agent. It is a valu- 

 able antiseptic and antipyretic, and is useful in pneu- 

 monia and typhus and other fevers. It is commonly 

 used in the form of the tartrate because of the deli- 

 quescence of the other salts. Dose rryij to x ; of the 

 tartrate gr. v-xv. Unof. 



Chinovin {kin'-o-vin) [china, quinin], C 30 H 38 O 8 . A 

 glucosid obtained from Cinchona. 



Chinwhelk. Synonym of Tinea sycosis. 



Chiococca {ki-o-kok' '-ah) [^«jf, snow ; /c<5/c/coc, a berry]. 

 A genus of rubiaceous plants. See Cahinca. 



Chionanthin {ki-o-nan' '-thin) \_x i &v, snow ; avdoc, a 

 flower]. A precipitate from the tincture of the root- 

 bark of Chionanthus virginiana ; it is an aperient, 

 diuretic, tonic, and narcotic. Dose I to 3 grains. 

 Unof. 



Chionanthus {ki-o-nan' -thus) [x i &v, snow ; avdoc, a 

 flower]. A genus of oleaceous trees and shrubs. C. 

 virginiana, fringe-tree or poison-ash. The root is 

 used as a vulnerary. See also Fringe-tree. Unof. 



Chionyphe {ki-on'-if-e) [^wv, snow; vtyri, a texture]. 

 A genus of fungi. C. carteri, a parasitic fungus, 

 apparently the cause of the disease known as Fungus 

 Foot, or Madura Foot, q. v. 



Chip Blower {chip blo f -er). A warm-air blow-pipe. 



Chiragra {ki-ra'-grah) [;r;e/p, the hand; aypa, a seiz- 

 ure]. Gout in the hand. 



Chirarthritis {ki-rar-thri' -tis) [x E ^P> hand; apOpov, a 

 joint ; itic, inflammation] . Rheumatism or arthritis 

 of the hand. 



Chirata {ke-ra f -tah, or che-ra'-tah) [Hind., chiraeta a 

 species of gentian]. Chiretta. The entire plant, 

 Swertia chirata. It resembles gentian in its thera 

 peutic properties, and is an excellent tonic. It does 

 not contain any tannin. Dose of the powdered plant 

 gr. xv-xxx. C., Fid. Ext., in glycerin and alcohol. 

 Dose TT^xv-xxx. C, Infusum (B. P.). Dose a 

 wineglassful. C, Tinct., ten per cent, in strength. 

 Dose 3 ss— i j . 



Chiratin {kir-at'-in) [Hind., chiraeta, a species of 

 gentian], C 2B H 4S 15 . A light-yellow, crystalline, 

 bitter glucosid, obtained from Chirata. 



Chiretta {kir-ef -ah). See Chirata. 



Chirettin {kir-ef -in) [Hind., chiraeta, a species of gen- 

 tian]. A precipitate obtained from the tincture of 

 chirata. 



Chirismus {ki-ris' '-mus) \x El P ia P-^> a handling]. I. 

 Manipulation ; a kind of massage. 2. Spasm of the 

 hand. 



Chiromancy {ki'-ro-man-se). See Palmistry. 



Chiropelvimeter {ki-ro-pel-vim' -et-er) [x EL P> the hand ; 

 pelvis, the pelvis ; fiirpov, a measure] . An instrument 

 for use in the manual measurement of the pelvis. 



Chiropodist {ki-rop' -o-dist) \_x El P> hand ; nobq, no66c, 

 foot] . A surgeon or person who professionally treats 



diseases of the hands and feet, especially corns, bun- 

 ions, etc. 



Chiro-Pompholyx {ki-ro-pom 1 '-fo-liks) [x E <P> hand; 

 ir6fi(po?iv^, blister] . Dysidrosis ; pompholyx ; an ill- 

 defined, inflammatory skin-disease confined to the 

 hands and feet, and characterized by the development 

 of peculiar vesicles or blebs, arranged in groups. 

 They are deeply seated and distributed chiefly on the 

 soles and palms and sides of the fingers. Itching, 

 burning, pain, and stiffness are present. The disease 

 is common in neurotic women in the prime of life ; it 

 is almost invariably recurrent, and is rare in winter. 



Chirurgeon {ki-rer' -Jon) \_x £l P 0V P}'^5 > a surgeon]. A 

 surgeon. 



Chirurgia {ki-rer' '-je-ah) \_x EL P> band; epyov, work]. 

 Surgery. 



Chirurgical {ki-rer' -jik-al) \_x Ei P ov py' ia i surgery]. Per- 

 taining to surgery. 



Chirurgien Dentiste {ki-rer' -je-en den-tist') [Fr.]. 

 Surgeon-dentist. 



Chisel Cramp {chiz'-el-kramp). See Cramp. 



Chitin {ki'-tin) [x Lr ^ v i a tunic], C 15 H 26 N 2 O 10 . The 

 substance composing the chief part of the exoskeleton 

 of many invertebrates, as crabs, lobsters, etc. It is the 

 animal analogue of the cellulose of plants . When heated 

 with concentrated HC1 it is decomposed into glycosamin 

 and acetic acid. Glycosamin (C 6 H 13 N0 5 ), crystallizes 

 from alcohol in fine needles, is dextro-rotatory, and re- 

 duces Fehling's fluid to the same extent as does dex- 

 trose, but is not fermentable. C. Substance, a gela- 

 tinous substance found in hydatid cysts. 



Chittim Bark {chit'-im bark). See Cascara Sagrada. 



Chlamydate {klam' -id-at) [j/la/n»c, a mantle]. In 

 biology, provided with a pallium or mantle. 



Chlamydeous {klam-id'-e-us) [j/la/ziic, a mantle]. 

 In biology, pertaining to the floral envelops. 



Chlamydospore {klam' -id-o-spor) [jJ^vc, mantle; 

 cnropa, seed]. In biology, applied to a spore having 

 its own protective envelop. 



Chloasma {klo-az'-mah) [^odCetv, to be pale-green]. 

 Melanoderma; melasma; a condition characterized by 

 dyschromia of the skin of various sizes and shapes, 

 and of a yellow, brown, and black color. They occur 

 chiefly upon the face , and are idiopathic or symptomatic 

 in character. An old name for Tinea versicolor. C. 

 hepaticum, Liver-spots ; a form following dyspepsia 

 and popularly associated with hepatic disturbance. C. 

 phthisicorum, the brown patches upon the skin of the 

 forehead or upper portions of the cheeks in tuberculous 

 patients. C. uterinum, chiefly located on the fore- 

 head, temples, cheeks, nipples, and median line of 

 abdomen. They are marked during pregnancy, and 

 often during menstruation. 



Chloracetic Acid {klo-ras-e'-tik). See Acid. 



Chloral {klo'-ral) [chlorin ; aldehyd~\, C 2 Cl,HO. A 

 pungent, colorless, mobile liquid. The name is often 

 misapplied to chloral hydrate. C. Butylicum, Butyl- 

 Chloral Hydrate (B.P.), croton-chloral, C 4 H 5 C1„0,- 

 H 2 0, a solid occurring in crystalline scales, resembling 

 chloral hydrate, but made with butyl, C 4 H 9 , as a base, 

 instead of ethyl, C 2 H 5 . Its properties are parallel to 

 those of chloral, but are much feebler. Dose gr. v-xx 

 in syrup. Syrupus Butyl-Chloral, 16 grains to thi 

 ounce. Dose gj-iv. Unof. C. Hydrate, a col' 

 crystalline solid having the composition C,HC1.,(H0),, 

 the hydrate of chloral. It is a powerful hypnotic, anti- 

 spasmodic, and depressant to the cerebral, medullar)'! 

 and spinal centers, and, to a limited extent, is an 

 anesthetic. It is serviceable in fevers accompanied 

 by cerebral excitement, in chorea, convulsions, and 

 all affections requiring a cerebral depressant, and u 

 •xcellent in delirium tremens, but should be used with 



