CHLORONITROBENZENE 



290 



CHOLECYSTORRAPHY 



Chloronitrobenzene [klo-ro-ni-tro-ben' -zen) [^aw/joc, 

 green; nitrum, niter; benzoin\. One of the ingre- 

 dients of Robusite, q. v. 



Chlorophane [klo' -ro-fdn) [j/iwpoc, green; (fxuveadai, 

 to appear]. A yellowish-green chromophane. See 

 Chromophanes. 



Chlorophyl [klo'-ro-fil) \_x~Kupog, green; tj>vA.7iov, leaf]. 

 A coloring-matter occurring in the chlorophyl-granules 

 in all the green parts of plants. Wax and other sub- 

 stances are associated witn it. Its constitution is not 

 yet known. It is the subitance by whose, agency car- 

 bohydrates are formed in grjen plants. 



Chlorophyllan (klo-ro-fil 1 '-an) \_xkupog, green ; <pvAAov, 

 leaf]. A substance obtained from fresh grass by ex- 

 tracting the latter with boiling absolute alcohol. It 

 appears as crystals that melt at HO° C. to a black liquid, 

 which on further heating burns with a luminous flame. 

 It is easily soluble in ether, benzol, and chloroform. 



Chloroplastid (klo-ro-plas' '-tid) \_x>M>pog, green ; nXaa- 

 roc, to form or mold]. In biology, a chlorophyl- 

 granule. Applied by Lankester to chlorophyl-bearing 

 cells as seen in Hydra viridis. Probably these are 

 secretory cells or digestive glands comparable to the 

 liver-cells of Amphioxus. 



Chlorosarcoma (klo-ro-sar-ko'-mah). See Chloroma. 



Chlorosis (klo-ro' -sis) [^Awp<5c, green]. The " green 

 sickness," a disease of young women, associated with 

 anemia and menstrual abnormality, usually suppression. 

 It is the most common form of idiopathic anemia. It 

 is favored by a sedentary life and poor hygiene. The 

 blood shows a marked deficiency in hemoglobin, with 

 some decrease in the number of red corpuscles, 

 together with an increase in its watery elements. The 

 patients do not seem to suffer from any interference 

 with the general nutrition ; in fact, there is often a ten- 

 dency to the accumulation of fat in the tissues. There 

 is present well-marked neurasthenia, with, at times, 

 hysterical manifestations. There can always be heard 

 a systolic bruit at the base of the heart and in the 

 neck, anemic in nature. The bowels are constipated, 

 and there may be some fever. C. pituitosis. Syno- 

 nym of Enteritis, Pseudo-membranous . C. rubra, 

 cases of chlorosis of moderate grade, with a reddish 

 tint of the cheeks, especially on exertion. 



Chlorotic (klo rot'-ik) [_xA<->poT?/g, paleness]. Relating 

 to chlorosis. A person affected by chlorosis. 



Chlorozone (klo-ro' -zon) [j/Ui/uoc, green ; o&iv, to 

 smell]. A yellow liquid assumed to be a mixture of 

 chlorin and ozone ; it is formed by passing nascent 

 chlorin through caustic soda ; its composition is not 

 known. It is a strong bleaching-agent and disinfec- 

 tant. 



Chlorphenol (klor-fe'-nol) \_x~kup6g, green; <j>olvi!-, pur- 

 ple-red], C 6 H 4 C1.0H. Mono-chlor-phenol, a sub- 

 stance possessed of marked antiseptic and antituber- 

 culotic properties. It is strongly recommended for 

 inhalation in diseases of the respiratory passages. 



Chlorum (klo' -rum) [x'kupdg, green : gen. , Chlori ] . The 

 official pharmaceutic name of chlorin. See Chlorin. 



Choana (ko'-an-ah) [xodvr), a funnel: //., Choance\. A 

 funnel! ike opening. A name applied to the posterior 

 nasal orifices. 



Choanocyte (ko'-an-o-slt) \_xoavr), a funnel; nvrog, a 

 cell]. In biology, a collar-cell. 



Choanosome (ko'-an-o-som) [x o<lVT li a funnel ; aibfia, 

 body]. In biology, that portion of the cavity of a 

 sponge that is lined with collar-i< IU. 



Chocolate (chok'-o-ldt) [ Mex., choco, cacao; latl, 

 water], i. A dried paste prepared from the powder 

 of cacao-seeds (sec Cacao) with various mucilaginous 

 and amylaceous ingredients. 2. A beverage prepared 

 from the foregoing. 3. A sugared comfit, variously 



compounded and flavored, containing some proportion 

 of the foregoing paste ; sometimes medicated, as with 

 cinchona, scammony, or magnesia. C, African. 

 See Iba. 



Choke (chok) [ME., choken, to choke]. To suffocate; 

 to prevent the access of air to the lungs by compres- 

 sing or obstructing the trachea. C. -cherry, the 

 fruit of Prunus (Cerasus) virginiana, not the P. vir- 

 giniana of the pharmacopeia ; common in the U. S. 

 It is antispasmodic, tonic, and slightly astringent. 

 Cerasin is a concentrated extract. Dose gr. ij-viij. 

 Unof. C.-damp, a name given by miners to car- 

 bonic acid gas. Called also Black-damp. 



Choked Disc (chokd disk). See Papillitis. 



Choking (chok'-ing) [ME., choken, to choke]. Partial 

 or complete suffocation, whether by the lodgment of 

 food, or any foreign body in the larynx, trachea, phar- 

 ynx, or esophagus, or by the inhalation of any irres- 

 pirable gas or vapor. C. Distemper, a name applied 

 in Eastern Pennsylvania to cerebro-spinal meningitis 

 in the horse. 



Cholagogic (kol-ag-og'-ik) {_x°^> bile ; ayuyog, carrying 

 off]. I. Stimulating the flow of bile. 2. A cholagogue. 



Cholagogue (kol'-ag-og) lx°^-V, bile ; ayuyog, leading]. 

 Any medicine that promotes the flow of bile ; an 

 agent that is supposed to stimulate the secretion or 

 excretion of bile. 



Cholalic Acid (ko-lal'-ik). See Choloidinic Acid. 



Cholangitis (ko-lan-ji 1 '-tis) \_x oA ^lt bile; ayyeiov, a ves- 

 sel]. Inflammation of a bile-duct. It is attended 

 with ague-like paroxysms, chills, fever, and sweating, 

 and jaundice of varying intensity. 



Cholate (kol' -at) [xo'4, bile]. Any salt of cholic acid. 



Choleate (kol'-e-dt) \_x°^h bile]. Any salt of choleic 

 acid. 



Cholecyanin (kol-e-si'-an-in). See Bilicyanin. 



Cholecyst (kol'-e-sist) [x oA V> bile ; nvarig, a bladder]. 

 The gall-bladder. 



Cholecystectasia (kol-e-sis-tek-ta' -se-ah) [xo^V, bile; 

 tcvong, a cyst; enTacig, a distention]. Distention or 

 dilatation of the gall-bladder. 



Cholecystectomy (kol-e-sis-tek'-to-me) [x oA *?> bile; 

 Kvarig, bladder; enro/ur/, a cutting off]. Excision of 

 the gall-bladder. 



Cholecystendysis (kol-e-sis-ten' -dis-is) [x°M/> bile; 

 nvorig, a bladder; evdvoig, an entering]. Cholecys- 

 totomy, q. v. 



Cholecystenterostomy(^/-.?-j?W^«-^r-^ / -^-»»<')[,i'o/.v, 

 bile ; kvotic, a bladder ; ivrepov, intestine ; ardfta, a 

 mouth]. Incision of the gall-bladder and intestine 

 with suture of the intestinal wound to that of tl 

 gall-bladder, so as to relieve the effects of obstruction 

 of the gall-duct by opening a new passage ini 

 intestine. 



Cholecystic (kol-e-sis'-tik) [x°^V, bile ; kvoti$, a blad- 

 der]. Relating to the gall-bladder. 



Cholecystitis (kol-e-sis-ti'-tis) [x°^V, bile ; 4 

 bladder; trig, inflammation]. Inflammation of the 

 gall-bladder. 



Cholecystocolostomy (kol-e-sis-to-ko-los' -to-tne) \ 

 bile; Kvarig, a bladder; k6Xov, the colon; "<• 

 cutting]. The surgical establishment of a pa 

 between the gall-bladder and the colon. 



Cholecystolithotripsy (kol-e-sis-to-lith '-o-trip 

 bile ; nvarig, a bladder ; Xidog, a stone ; r 

 crush]. The crushing of gall-stones in the gall bladd« 



Cholecystoncus (kol-e-sis-tong'-kus) [ 1 -«///, bile : 

 bladder; iyicog, a tumor]. A swelling or tumor ol 

 the gall-bladder. 



Cholecystorrhaphy (kol-e-sist-or' -a-fe) []<"■',. bile; 

 hinnr, bladder; pa<pi), a seam]. Suture of th 

 bladder. 



