CRADLE 



336 



CRANIECTOMY 



Cradle for Supporting 



Bed-clothes. 



{From Fullertori 1 s " Nursing 



in Abdominal Surgery") 



more effective than pepsin, and is believed to be iden- 

 tical with papain. 



Cradle [kra'-dT) [AS., cradol, a cradle]. In surgery, 

 the arculus, a wire or wicker frame so arranged as to 

 keep the weight of the bed-clothing from an injured 

 part of the body. It is 

 employed in the treat- 

 ment of fractures, 

 wounds, etc. C. -Cap, 

 a name given to the 

 scabs composed of dirt 

 and sebum, that form on 

 the scalps of neglected 

 infants and children. 

 C, Ice-, the suspension 

 over a febrile patient, by means of iron frames, of a 

 number of zinc buckets, kept half-filled with ice, and in- 

 closed in a light covering. C. -pessary, a cradle-shaped 

 pessary for treating retrodisplacements of the uterus. 



Cram (krani) [ME., crammen, to cram]. To store the 

 memory with information for the purpose merely of 

 passing an examination. C. -stunt, arrest in mental 

 development due to over-study. C. -stunted, arrested 

 in mental development by over-study. 



Cramp [kramf) [Teut. , kramp~\. A spasmodic tonic 

 contraction of the muscles, attended with sharp pain. 

 It is especially prone to attack the muscles of the calf. 

 It occurs frequently in those of neurotic tendency, and 

 is often the forerunner of epilepsy. C, Accommo- 

 dation, a spasm of the ciliary muscle of the eye. C, 

 Auctioneers', one of the professional neuroses affect- 

 ting mainly the left side of the orbicularis oris muscle. 

 C.-asphyxia, spinal spasm. C, Ballet-dancers', 

 a neuralgic affection occurring in ballet-dancers, espe- 

 cially premieres danseuses, characterized by pain and 

 paralytic symptoms, affecting the muscles of the calf. 

 It t& the result of local strain upon the parts. C- 

 bone, a name for the patella of a sheep. C, Black- 

 smiths'. See C, Hammermen' 1 s . C, Car-drivers', 

 a professional neurosis seen in car-drivers, and perhaps 

 also in brakemen, characterized by spasm and weak- 

 ness of the hand from the effort of tightening car-brakes. 

 C, Chisel, a professional neurosis occurring in smiths, 

 affecting the left hand, and produced by the continuous 

 holding of the chisel or similar instrument. C, Cigar- 

 makers', one of the rarer professional neuroses, consist- 

 ing in a tonic contraction of the flexor muscles of the 

 fingers with pain. The painful sensations also extend 

 up the arm and shoulders. C, Cigaret-makers'. See 

 C. , Cigar-makers' . C, Clarionet-players', a cramp 

 of the tongue and of the laryngeal muscles experienced 

 occasionally by players on this instrument. C. Colic, 

 a form of colic in the horse, produced by contrac- 

 tion, or spasm, of a portion of the small intestines 

 from the irritation of indigestible food. C, Coach- 

 men's, contraction of the palmar fascia, occasionally 

 seen in coachmen. C, Cornet-players', a rare and 

 peculiar neurosis of the tongue in cornet-players, in 

 which certain notes cannot be sounded, from inability 

 to direct the tongue for that purpose. C, Dancers'. 

 See C, Ballet-dancers'. C, Elocutionists'. See 

 Dysphonia spastica. C, Flute-players', slight 

 laryngeal spasms occurring occasionally in flute- 

 players from excessive use of the instrument. Also 

 a cramp of the flexors and extensors of the hand, 

 from constant use of the instrument. C, Glass- 

 blowers', a painless, but decided and permanent 

 flexion of the fingers, the thumb excepted, due to the 

 continuous grasping of the tube with which the glass 

 is worked. C, Goldbeaters', a cramp of the mus- 

 cles of the arm due to excessive use in beating 

 gold-leaf. C, Hammer. See C, Hammermen's. 



C, Hammermen's, a spasmodic affection of the 

 muscles of the arm and shoulder, at times unattended 

 with pain, due to the repeated act of hammering. C, 

 Knitters', a peculiar affection of the hands of those 

 who knit, consisting in a contraction of the extensor 

 muscles, with numbness of the ends of the fingers. C, 

 Milkers', a spasmodic contraction of the extensors 

 and flexors of the forearm in consequence of continu- 

 ous exertion in milking. C, Milkmaids'. See C, 

 Milkers' . C, Musicians', a general term including 

 pianists' cramp, . violinists' cramp, flutists' cramp, 

 the cramp of clarionet-players, etc. C, Nailsmiths'. 

 See C, Hammermen' s. C, Photographers', a rare 

 professional neurosis. C, Pianists', a neurosis of the 

 hands and fingers of piano-players, characterized by 

 fatigue, pain, and weakness. The pain extends up 

 the arm to between the shoulders. C, Piano- 

 players'. See C, Pianists'. C, Saltatory. See 

 Saltatory Spasm. C, Sawyers', peculiar incoordin- 

 ated movements of the saw-arm and corresponding 

 side of the body, from excessive use. C, Scri- 

 veners'. See C., Writers'. C, Seamstresses', a 

 professional neurosis consisting in a spastic condition of 

 the flexors of the fingers from constantly plying the 

 needle. C, Shoemakers'. See S/ioesalesmen's Disease. 

 C, Smiths'. See C, Hammermen's. C, Speakers'. 

 See Dysphonia spastica. C, Swimmers', a painful 

 cramp of the muscles of the calf of the leg of swimmers, 

 frequently causing death by drowning. C, Tailors', 

 a spasmodic affection of the muscles of the thumb, 

 forefinger, hands, and arms, sometimes occurring in 

 tailors, from overwork. C, Telegraphers', a partial 

 paralysis of the muscles of the hand and fingers with 

 spasm, produced by fatigue from long-continued use 

 of Morse's instrument. C, Treadlers', one of the 

 professional neuroses ; it is met with in treadlers, and 

 consists in cramps of the leg-muscles from constant use 

 of the machine. C, Violinists', a painful cramp 

 most common in the left shoulder of violinists ; it is due 

 to the peculiar position assumed in holding the violin. 

 C, Watchmakers', a cramp in which there is a 

 flexion of the metacarpo-phalangeal joints, with exten- 

 sion of the other joints of the hand. Also, an inability 

 to retain the glass in the eye-socket. C, Writers', 

 Scriveners' palsy ; a difficulty in writing, due to spas- 

 modic action of the muscles of the hand and arm, to 

 pain, to tremulousness of these muscles, or to fatigue 

 and weakness of the extremity. These constitute the 

 four forms, spastic, neuralgic, tremulous , and paralytic. 



Crampton's Muscle. See Muscles, Table of. C. 

 Operations. See Operations , Table of. 



Crampus (kram f -pus) [L.]. An old name for a cramp, 

 or for any disease characterized by cramps. 



Cranberry (kran' '-ber-e) [ME., cranebery, a berry]. 

 The acid fruit of Vaccinium oxycoccus and V. macro- 

 carpon. It is a popular material for poultices, and is 

 vaunted as a cure for carcinoma. Unof. C. -tree. 

 See Viburnum opulus. 



Crane-bark {kran'-barfc). See Viburnum opulus. 



Crane's-bill Root. See Geranium. 



Craniacromial {kra-nc-ak-ro'-me-al) [upaviov, skull; 

 anpufiia, the point of the shoulder-blade]. Relating 

 to the cranium and the acromion. 



Cranial {kra f -ne-al) [upaviov, the skull]. Relating to 

 the cranium. C. Bosses, flat, bony elevation- ol the 

 frontal and parietal bones sometimes seen at the 

 of the anterior fontanel. They are said to be a proa 

 of hereditary syphilis. C. Nerves. See .\ 



Craniectomy {kra-ne-ek'-to-mc) [apaviov, skull ; h 

 a cutting out]. The surgical removal of strips or 

 pieces of the cranial bones. It is performed in 

 of microcephaly. 



