ENDO- 



424 



ENDOCHORION 



Endo- (end'-o-) [evdov, within]. A prefix, meaning 

 within. 



Endo-arteritis (en-do-ar-ter-i f tis) . See Endarteritis. 



Endo-auscultation (en-do-aws-kul-ta' '-shun) [evdov, 

 within; auscultare, to listen to]. A method of 

 auscultation devised by Bianchi by using the ordinary 

 esophageal tube passed into the stomach, to auscult 

 the gullet and stomach, and through them, to a certain 

 degree, the heart and lungs. 



Endoblast (en' -do-blast) [evdov, within; pAaordq, a 

 germ]. The cell-nucleus, or cytoblast. See Hypo- 

 blast. 



Endoblastic (en-do-blas' -tik) [evdov, within ; (3?uioT6g, 

 a germ]. Relating to the endoblast. 



Endocardiac, Endocardial (en-do-kar'-de-ak, en-do- 

 kar'-de-al) [evdov, within; napdia, the heart]. Re- 

 lating to the endocardium ; situated within the heart. 



Endocarditic (en-do- kar-dit' '-ik) [evdov, within ; napdia, 

 the heart]. Pertaining to or affected with endocar- 

 ditis. 



Endocarditis (en-do-kar-di' -tis) [evdov, within ; napdia, 

 the heart; trig, inflammation]. Inflammation of the 

 endocardium or lining membrane of the heart. Acute 

 rheumatism is the most frequent cause, though pneu- 

 monia, gout, or any infectious disease may precede. 

 The valves are nearly always the parts affected, and 

 usually those of the left heart. The disease is prone 

 to terminate fatally or result in permanent injury to 

 the valves. Fibrinous deposits or vegetations project 

 into the cavity of the heart ; the thickened endocar- 

 dium is liable to become atheromatous, with chronic 

 ulceration. • Acute endocarditis may be divided into 

 simple and malignant. . Chronic endocarditis includes 

 chronic disease of the valves of the heart. There is a 

 fibrous or cirrhotic thickening of the latter, associated 

 with contraction and calcification. Usually this 

 chronic disease, like the acute, is confined to the left 

 heart, and it is generally rheumatic in origin. E., 

 Malignant or Ulcerative. Also called diphtheric, 

 infectious, and septic endocarditis. A rapidly fatal 

 type due to septic infection. It is marked by high fever, 

 chills, and profound prostration. This is followed by 

 the development of a murmur, purpuric skin-eruptions, 

 hematuria, delirium, convulsions, hemiplegia, enlarge- 

 ment of the spleen, the typhoid state, and death. 

 Frequently no cause can be found. Ulcerations are 

 found around and in the valves, and in these ulcers 

 micro-organisms are present in large quantities. E. 

 polyposa, a form of ulcerative endocarditis in which 

 there is an excessive deposit of fibrin, producing poly- 

 poid masses. E. pustulosa, a form of ulcerative en- 

 docarditis in which minute abscesses occur in the 

 substance of the valves. E., Simple, the ordinary 

 variety of acute endocarditis, usually associated with a 

 mitral systolic murmur. E., Chronic, associated with 

 valvular lesions. The following forms are met with : 

 I. Aortic Incompetence ; 2. Aortic Stenosis or Obstruc- 

 tion ; 3. Mitral Incompetence ; 4. Mitral Stenosis ; 

 5. Pulmonary Incompetence ; 6. Pulmonary Stenosis 

 or Obstruction ; 7. Tricuspid Incompetence ; 8. Tri- 

 cuspid Stenosis ; 9. Combined valvular disease. Aortic 

 Incompetence is produced by a retraction of the 

 edges of the valves, which have become rigid and 

 thickened ; as a result the aorta is not shut off from 

 the left ventricle during the diastole, and there is a 

 leaking backward of blood into that cavity. A diastolic 

 murmur is thus produced. This is frequently associ- 

 ated with a marked degree of arterio-sclerosis. Sud- 

 den death occurs in aortic incompetence more 

 frequently than in any other valvular affection. The 

 pulse is the so-called Corrigan or water-hammer pulse. 

 Aortic Stenosis or Obstruction is due to thickening 



and curling, with calcification of the valves. This usually 

 occurs in the aged. A systolic murmur is produced, 

 accompanied in the late stages of the disease by a 

 tendency to syncope, giddiness, and anemia. The 

 pulse is slow and small, but regular. Mitral Incom- 

 petence, the most frequent of all valvular lesions, is 

 due to curling of the valve -cusps or to shortening of 

 the chordae tendinese. There is usually produced an 

 immense hypertrophy of the walls of the ventricles. 

 Late in the disease compensation fails and general 

 edema ensues. Dyspnea is a frequent symptom, 

 associated with cyanosis and albuminuria. The mur- 

 mur is systolic in time ; the pulse is normal during the 

 stage of compensation, afterward small and irregular. 

 This is a common form among children. Mitral 

 Stenosis, due to fibrous thickening and contraction 

 of the mitral cusps. The opening may be reduced to 

 a mere fissure. If due to a thickening and shortening 

 of the chordae tendineae the thickened and adherent 

 valves are drawn in a funnel-shape toward the floor 

 of the ventricle. Mitral stenosis usually occurs in 

 women. A presystolic murmur is produced, associ- 

 ated with duplication of the second sound. Pul- 

 monary Incompetence, the rarest of valvular 

 diseases, may be due to congenital abnormalities, or 

 may follow some diseased condition, as malignant 

 endocarditis. The murmur is diastolic in time. Pul- 

 monary Stenosis or Obstruction, usually congenital, 

 is due to fetal heart-disease. The patients usually die 

 before they are ten or twelve years old. A systolic mur- 

 mur is produced. Tricuspid Incompetence is due to 

 endocarditis or to dilatation of the right ventricle and 

 tricuspid orifice. Compensation is never adequate, and 

 hence venous stasis, cyanosis, and dropsy soon follow. 

 A systolic murmur is produced. Tricuspid Sten- 

 osis is a rare condition and usually secondary to mitral 

 stenosis. It is marked by a presystolic murmur. Com- 

 bined Valvular Disease ; frequently two of the fore- 

 going murmurs may coexist. The most usual combi- 

 nations are as follows: I. Aortic obstruction and 

 regurgitation ; 2. Mitral obstruction and regurgitation ; 

 3. Mitral obstruction and tricuspid regurgitation ; 4. 

 Aortic obstruction and mitral regurgitation ; 5. 

 Double valvular disease at aortic and mitral orifices 

 (four murmurs) . E. ulcerosa, the ulcerative form of 

 endocarditis. E. verrucosa, a form of endocarditis 

 characterized by the production of endocardial vegeta- 

 tions situated mostly upon the curtains of the cardiac 

 valves. It is seen usually upon the left side of the 

 heart. 



Endocardium ( en-do-kar' '-de-um ) [ evdov, within ; 

 mpdia, the heart]. The colorless, transparent mem- 

 brane lining the interior of the heart. 



Endocarp (en'-do-karp) [ivdov, within ; Kapirdq, fruit]. 

 In biology, the inner hard and stony membranous or 

 fleshy layer of a pericarp ; e.g., the stone of a peach. 



Endocarpoid (en-do-kar' -poid). In biology, applied to 

 lichens that have the apothecia immersed in the thallus. 



Endocelarium (en-do-se-la'-re-u»i) [ivdov, within; 

 noikia, the belly]. In biology, the visceral epithelium 

 of the body-cavity. 



'E.n&oczrvica\(en-do-ser / -7>ik-al) [evdov, within ; , 

 neck]. Relating to the inside of the uterine cervix. 



Endocervicitis (en-do-ser-vis-i'-/is) [ivdov, within; 

 cervix, neck ; trie, inflammation]. Inflammation 

 within the canal of the cervix uteri. 



Endochondral (en-do-kon'-dral) [ Ivdov, within; 

 x6vd(>oc, cartilage]. Situated or occurring within a 

 cartilage. 



Endochorion (en-do-ko 1 '-re-on) [evdm>, within ; \ 

 the chorion]. The inner chorion ; the vascular layer 

 of the allantois. 



