ESOPHORIA 



443 



ESTLANDERS METHOD 



t i i i l i i i i 



Esophoria (es-o-fo' '-re-ah) [eau, inward; <popeiv, to bear]. 

 See Heterophoria. 



Esorhinus [cs-or-in' -us) [«ct<j, within; p.'c, nose]. Lis- 

 sauer's term for a skull in which the angle formed 

 between the lines running from the premaxillary point 

 and the incisive foramen to the nasofrontal point is 

 between o° and 20 . 



Esoteric (e-so-ter'-ik) [kauripoq, within ; iaurepiKog, se- 

 cret, mysterious]. Arising within the organism. 



Esotropia (e-so-tro' -pe-ah) [iou, inward ; rpi-eiv, to 

 turn]. Convergent strabismus. See Strabismus. 



Essence (es'-ens) [essentia, essence]. I. That quality 

 of a thing giving it peculiarity of power. 2. The pe- 

 culiar qualities of a drug extracted and reduced to a 

 small compass. 3. A solution of an essential oil in 

 alcohol. 



Essential (es-en'-shal) [essentia, essence]. Pertaining 

 to the essence of a substance. Pertaining to the pecu- 

 liar and distinctive characteristic of a disease. E. 

 Oils ; the essential or volatile oils (attars) are. found 

 extensively distributed throughout the vegetable king- 

 dom. They occur in almost all parts of the plants 

 except the cotyledons of the seeds. They 

 impart the peculiar and characteristic 

 odors to the plants, furnish the perfumes, 

 spices, and aromatics, and many of them 

 possess valuable medicinal properties. 

 Chemically, essential oils are often divi- 

 ded roughly into three classes, — oils com- 

 posed of hydrocarbons only, oils contain- 

 ing hydrocarbons mixed with oxygenated 

 products, and oils containing sulphur 

 compounds. A more exact, but still 

 quite general, chemic division is the 

 following : I . Oils consisting chiefly of terpenes 

 (C 10 H I6 ) and oxidized products allied thereto ; exam- 

 ples, oil of turpentine, oil of lemon, oil of camphor. 

 2. Oils consisting chiefly of cedrenes (C[ 5 H 24 ) and 

 oxidized products allied thereto; examples, oil of 

 cedar, oil of cubebs, oil of cloves. 3. Oils consisting 

 chiefly of aromatic aldehyds and allied bodies ; exam- 

 ples, oil of bitter almonds, oil of cinnamon. 4. Oils 

 consisting chiefly of ethereal salts. These may be 

 either (a) oxygen salts, as in oil of wintergreen, or (b) 

 sulphur salts, as in oil of mustard, oil of garlic. E. 

 Paralysis, paralysis without characteristic anatomic 

 lesions. 



Ester (es-ter). Any compound ether in which both an 

 alcohol radical and an acid radical are present. E. 



» Halogen, a derivative of the alcohols, obtained by 

 heating them with the hydrogen haloids, or with 

 the halogen derivatives of phosphorus. E. Haloid, 

 also called alkylogen ; any product of the action of the 

 halogen hydrid on the alcohols. The haloid esters 

 are perfectly analogous to the true esters produced by 

 the action of alcohols and oxygen acids. 

 Esthacyte (es'-thas-tt) [a'todaveodai, to perceive ; nvruq, 

 a cell]. In biology, one of the sense-cells of a sponge, 

 granular, spindle-shaped, bearing palpocils. 

 Esthematology (es-them-at-ol' -o-je) [aiadrj/ia, a percep- 

 tion ; /.670c, science]. The science of the sensations 

 and of the sense-apparatus. 

 Esthesia (es-the'-ze-ah)[aiadr)oic, sensation]. I. Capacity 

 of perception ; feeling, or sensation. 2. Any nervous 

 disease that affects the senses or perceptions. 

 Esthesin (es' -thes-in) [aladr/aic, sensibility], CjjHgg- 

 N0 3 . A feebly basic body, said by Thudichum to be 

 obtainable from brain-tissue. 

 Esthesiodermia (es-the-ze-o-der 1 '-me-ah) [alnQrjoiq, sen- 

 sation ; fcpfia, skin]. An affection of the skin with 

 disturbance of the sensory function, which may be 

 decreased, increased, or abolished. 



Esthesiogen (es-the* -ze-o-jen) [dadr/oic, sensation ; 

 yewav, to produce]. Any material, as a metal, which 

 in certain states of the body appears to have a specific 

 effect upon the sensibility of the patient. 



Esthesiogenic (es-tke-ze-o-jeti' '-ik) [aladijCLC, sensation ; 

 yewav, to produce]. Relating to the production of 

 sensations. 



Esthesiogeny (es-lhe-ze-oj' -en-e) [aiadtjaic, sensation ; 

 yewav, to produce]. The production of altered or 

 perverted sensations. 



Esthesiography (es-the-ze-og' -ra-fe) [aladrjaiq, sensa 

 tion ; ypd<peiv, to write]. A description of the organs 

 of sensation and perception. 



Esthesiology (es-the-ze-ol' -o-je) [aurthjoic, a feeling ; 

 7J>yoq, science]. A treatise on, or the science of, the 

 senses. 



Esthesiomania (es-the-ze-o-ma' '-ne-ah) [aldhjoiq, feel- 

 ing; fiavia, madness]. Insanity marked by perverted 

 moral feeling and by purposeless eccentricities. 



Esthesicmeter (es-the-ze-om' -et-er) [aioih/aic, sensation ; 

 fierpov, a measure]. An instrument for measuring 

 tactile sensibility. 



1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 



1 1 ' 1 



r 



Esthesiometer of Sieveking. {From Aitkin.) 



Esthesiometry (es-the-ze-om' '-et-re) [aiaBijaiq, sensation ; 

 fierpov, measure]. The measurement or estimation 

 of tactile sensibility. 



Esthesioneurosis (es-the-se-o-nu-ro' -sis) [a'ladrjaiq, per- 

 ception; vevpov, nerve]. Any nervous disease in 

 which there are disorders of sensation. 



Esthesis (es-the / -sis) [aiadrjoic, sensation]. Sensibility; 

 sense-perception ; a feeling or sense-impression. 



Esthesodic (es-the-sod'-ik) [aiaBrjctq, sensation ; odoc, 

 a way]. Serving to convey sense-impressions, as to 

 the brain. 



Esthetophore (esthet'-o-for) [a'ta&ijroc, sensible ; </>epeiv, 

 to bear]. In biology, the hypothetic physical basis 

 of consciousness (Cope). 



Esthiomene (es-the-om' -en-e) [eadiotievij , eating]. Lu- 

 pus exedens ; lupus of the vulva ; a very rare and 

 chronic disease commencing during the menstrual 

 period. It is a form of ulceration accompanied by 

 fibrous overgrowths of the surrounding and adjacent 

 tissues. It produces hard, cicatricial tissue on healing. 

 There is a process of imperceptible disintegration of 

 the tissues, but no sloughing. Death may result from 

 hemorrhage or perforation into the peritoneal cavity 

 or bladder. 



Esthiomenous (es-the-om' -en-us) [eodiofievq, eating]. 

 Corroding; phagedenic. 



Esthophysiology (es-tho-fiz-e-ol'-o-je) [aioBr/oic, sensa- 

 tion ; Oi'(i<c, nature ; Myoc, science]. The physiology 

 of sensation and of the sense-apparatus. 



Estival (es'-tiv-al) [castas, summer]. In biology, pro- 

 duced in summer. 



Estivation (es-tiv-a'-shun) [astivare, to pass the sum- 

 mer]. In biology, (a) the dormant condition of 

 certain plants and animals during the summer; (b) 

 the arrangement of the floral organs in the bud. 



Estlander's Method. See Treatment, Methods of. E. 

 Operation. See Operations, Table of. 



