ESTROMANIA 



444 



ETHICS 



Estromania {es-tro-ma f -ne-ah) [olarpog, gad-fly; lust; 

 fxavia, madness]. Same as Nymphomania. 



Estrual [es' -tru-al) [olurpog, gad-fly]. Pertaining to 

 estruation. 



Estruation {es-tru-a' 'shun) [olarpor, gad-fly]. The 

 condition of being under the influence of intense 

 sexual passion. 



Estrum, Estrus {es r -trum, es-trus) [olarpoc, gad-fly]. 

 Any vehement passion or desire ; the sensation in ani- 

 mals occurring at the crisis of coition. The orgasm. 



Estuarium {es-tu-a' -re-um) [testus, heat]. A vapor- 

 bath. Also a stove designed to apply warm, dry air 

 to all parts of the body at the same time. 



Estuation {est-u-a' 'shun) [testuatin, heat]. Heat; 

 boiling ; fever ; a heated state. 



Esypus {es'-ip-us) [oIovttoq ] . The yolk or suint of 

 wool. See Suint. 



Ethal (e'-thal) \_cether, the upper air], C 16 H 33 OH. 

 Cetyl alcohol ; a substance separated from spermaceti 

 by Chevreul, and named by him. It is a solid, fusible 

 at nearly the same point as spermaceti, and on cooling 

 crystallizes in plates. It is susceptible of union with 

 various bases, with which it forms salts or soaps. 



Ethaldehyd (eth-al' -de-hid). See Acetaldehyd. 



Ethane (eth'-dn) [tether, the upper air]. Paraffin; any 

 one of the products of the dry distillation of wood, 

 turf, bituminous shales, lignite, and bituminous coal, 

 and other coals rich in hydrogen. The ethanes are 

 thus present in illuminating gas and the light tar-oils. 

 Petroleum contains them already formed. The lowest 

 members, up to butane, are gases at ordinary temper- 

 atures, soluble in alcohol and ether. The intermediate 

 members form colorless liquids of faint, characteristic 

 odor, insoluble in water, but miscible with alcohol and 

 ether. The higher members are crystalline solids (par- 

 affins), soluble in alcohol, and more readily in ether. 

 The specific gravities of the liquid and solid hydro- 

 carbons increase with the molecular weights, but they 

 are always less than the specific gravity of water. The 

 boiling-points, too, rise with the molecular weights. 

 The isomerids of normal structure possess the highest 

 boiling-points ; the lowest are those of the quaternary 

 hydrocarbons, (for Table of Ethanes see under Hy- 

 drocarbons.) 



Ethene {e'-thin). Same as Ethylene. E. Chlorid. 

 See Anesthetic. 



Ether {e'-ther) [tether ; aldrjp, the upper air]. I. The 

 tenuous subtle fluid filling space and interpenetrating 

 all bodies ; the medium of transmission of the vibratory 

 activities called light, heat, electricity, and magnetism. 

 2. A thin, colorless, volatile, and highly inflammable 

 liquid ; in composition a di-ethylic oxid (C 2 H 5 ) 2 0, 

 known also as ethylic ether. It is used mainly as a sol- 

 vent for fats and oils, and as an anesthetic. Internally 

 it is anodyne, antispasmodic, diaphoretic, and narcotic. 

 Inhaled it is an anesthetic, and a cardiac stimulant in 

 toxic doses, paralyzing the respiratory centers. See also 

 Anesthetic. The term is used also to designate a 

 large class of organic compounds. See Table an- 

 nexed. E., Acetic, has properties like those of 

 ethylic ether. DoseTTLx-^j. E., Commercial, con- 

 tains 94 per cent, of ether. It is unfit for use except 

 as a solvent. E. fortior, should contain 94 per cent, 

 of ethylic oxid. Dose TTV x- 3J. E., Hydriodic, unof. 

 I >ose for inhalation r\ xv. E., Hydrobromic, unof. 

 Dose n\,x-3J- E. Oleum, contains equal parts of 

 ether and heavy oil of wine. E., Spt., of, ether 32.5 

 and alcohol 67.5. E., Comp. Spt. of, Hoffman's ano- 

 dyne. Ether 32.5, alcohol 65, ethereal oil 2.5 percent. 

 Dose itVv-^j. E. nitrous, Spirit, sweet spirit of 

 niter, a solution of ethyl nitrite in alcohol. Dose 3 ss- 

 i|ss. There is also a large class of mainly volatile 



compounds known as ethers which are products of the 

 union of two monovalent alcohol radicals through the 

 agency of an oxygen atom. They are the oxids of 

 the alcohol radicals, and are neutral, volatile bodies, 

 nearly insoluble in water. The lowest members are 

 liquid ; the highest are solids. E. -acids, the so- 

 called neutral esters. They are not volatile ; are sol- 

 uble in water, and yield bases with salts. E. -drink- 

 ing, E. -intoxication, a form of tippling somewhat 

 common in some parts of Ireland. Thus taken, 

 ether is similar in effects to alcohol, but more rapid 

 in action, and its use is attended with profound moral 

 degeneration. E., Mixed, ether containing different 

 alcohol radicals. E., Simple, ether containing two 

 similar alcohol radicals. 



TABLE OF ETHERS. 

 Of the Fatty Compounds. 



Ethereal {e-the' -re-al) [tether, the upper air]. Per- 

 taining to the ether or to ether. 



Ethereomania (e-the-re-o-ma' -ne-ah) [tether, ether; 

 /tavia, madness]. The mania for drinking ether; 

 ether-intoxication . 



Ethereomaniac {e-the-re-o-ma' -ne-ak ) [tether, ether ; 

 fiav'ia, madness]. One who is addicted to the use of 

 ether as a stimulant. 



Etherify (e f -ther-if-i) [tether, ether; facere, to make]. 

 To convert into ether. 



Etherism {e f -ther-izm) [tether, ether]. The phenomena 

 produced upon the animal economy by the administra- 

 tion of ether. 



Etherization (e-ther-iz-al-shun) [tether, ether]. The 

 administration of ether to produce anesthesia. This 

 is effected by inhalation of the vapor. 



Etheromania (e-ther-o-ma' -ne-ah) [tether, ether ; /inrla, 

 madness], .See Ethereomania. 



Ethics (rth'-iks) [f/0ui6g, moral]. The science of human 

 feelings, thoughts, and actions relating to duty or 



