EUTROPHIC 



448 



EVOLUTION 



Eutrophic {u-lro'-fik) \}v, well; rpicpeiv, to nourish]. 

 Feitaining to eutrophy ; promoting the nutritive pro- 

 cess ; well-nourished. 



Eutrophy, or Eutrophia (ti'-tro-fe, or u-tro f -fe-ah) \tv, 

 well ; Tfj£<j>uv, to nourish] . A state of normal or healthy 

 nutrition ; the condition of being well nourished. 



Eutropic (u-trop / -ik) lev, well; Tpeneiv, to turn). In 

 biology, turning or revolving with the sun. 



Euxanthin (u-zan' -tliin) [ei, well ; gavdog, yellow], 

 C 19 H ]6 O I0 . The essential constituent of Purree, g. v. 

 It forms small yellow crystals. 



Euxanthinic Acid [u-zan-thin' '-ik). See Acid. 



Evacuant (e-vak f -u-ant) \_evacuare, to empty]. I. 

 Promoting evacuation. 2. A medicine that increases 

 the secretion or evacuation of an organ, especially 

 the bowels. A purgative. 



Evacuation {e-vak-u-a' 'shun) \_evacuatio, a voiding]. 

 Defecation ; the act of voiding ; that which is voided. 



Evalvular {e-val' -vu-lar) [e, priv. ; valva, a valve]. In 

 biology, destitute of valves. 



Evaporation {e-vap-or-a' -shun) [e, priv. ; vapor, 

 vapor]. In pharmacy, the process of converting a 

 liquid into vapor by the agency of heat. 



Eve and Lingard, Bacillus of. See Bacteria, Syno- 

 nymatic Table of. 



Evectics (e-vek' -tiks) [eveKTinog, in good health]. An 

 old name for hygiene ; the science of good health. 



Even-headed {e'-ven hed'-ed). Neither right-headed 

 nor left-headed. Even-headedness is a condition 

 common among the lower animals, and among idiots, 

 imbeciles, and races of men of low development. 



Evening Primrose (ev'-ning prim f -roz). The flower- 

 ing tops of Oenothera biennis, recommended for 

 asthma with gastric irritability. Dose of the fid. ext. 

 3SS-3J. Unof. 



Eventration (e-ven-tra* '-shun) \e, out of; venter, the 

 belly]. Extrusion of the abdominal viscera, es- 

 pecially in a monstrosity. The term is used also as a 

 synonym of Pendulous Abdomen, q. v. 



Evergreen-oak (ev f -ur-gren-bk). See Oak-bark. 



Everitt's Salt. A compound of iron and potassium 

 cyanid. E.'s Test. See Tests, Table of. 



Everlasting (ev-ur-las' -ting) . A popular name for 

 certain plants of the genera Gnaphaliu>7i and Anten- 

 naria, small composite-flowered plants. A. divica 

 of Europe is antibechic. A. margaritarea of N. 

 America is tonic and astringent, and is considered a 

 good sudorific. A. plantaginifolia has similar qualities. 

 See also Life-everlasting. 



Evernia (e-vur' -ne-ah) [et>, well; epvog, sprout]. A 

 genus of parmeliaceous lichens. E. prunastri. See 

 Acid, Everninic. 



Everninic Acid (ev-ur-nin' '-ik) . See Acid. 



Eversion (e-ver'-shun) \eversio, a turning out]. A 

 turning outward. E. of the Eyelid, a folding of 

 the lid upon itself for the purpose of exposing the 

 conjunctival surface or sulcus. See also Eclropium. 



Evertebral {e-ver f -te-bral ) \e, priv. ,vertebra , a vertebra] . 

 Not vertebral in character, nor derived from vertebrae. 



Evidence (ev / -id-ens) [evidens, clear]. In legal medi- 

 cine, the means by which the existence or non-exis- 

 tence or the truth or falsehood of an alleged fact is 

 ascertained or made evident ; proof, as of insanity. 

 E., Circumstantial, evidence the conclusions based 

 upon which are beyond actual demonstration. E., 

 Conclusive or Positive, evidence that admits of no 

 doubt. E., Expert, that given before a jury by an 

 expert in any science, art, profession, or trade. 



Evil (e'-vil\ [ME., evel, ill]. I. A disease. 2. Syn- 

 onym of Scrofula. 



Eviration [ev-ir-a' -shun) \evirare, to castrate]. I. 

 Castration. 2. Emasculation ; a form of sexual per- 



version in which there is a deep and permanent as- 

 sumption of feminine qualities, with corresponding loss 

 of manly qualities. The opposite of this is termed 

 Defemination. 



Evisceration {e-vis-er-a' -shun) \e, out ; viscera, the 

 bowels]. The removal of the viscera. E. of the 

 Eye, removal of the entire contents of the globe of 

 the eye, leaving the sclerotic intact, — an operation in 

 place of enucleation, and following which some opera- 

 tors insert a glass or metallic shell-globe, called an 

 artificial vitreous, to preserve the shape, etc., of the 

 eye-ball. E., Obstetric, the removal of the abdominal 

 or thoracic viscera of the fetus in embryotomy. 



Evolution (ev-o-lu'-shun) [evolutio; evolvere, to unroll]. 



1. The development or temporary growth and organic 

 change that take place in the uterus during pregnancy. 



2. In biology, (1) the doctrine of incasement or 

 preformation of the early physiologists, which sup- 

 posed that all parts of the fully-formed animal or 

 plant were present in a minute form in the germ. 

 Cf. Epigenesis. (2) The doctrine of descent often 

 spoken of as Darwinism, based upon the capacity of 

 every plant and animal to produce other individuals 

 of a like kind, but varying to a greater or less degree 

 according to the differentiation induced by special 

 environment and natural selection. Cf. Pangenesis, 

 Blastogenesis, Epigenesis , Ontogeny, Phytogeny , Natu- 

 ral Selection. E., Factors of, the recognized factors 

 of evolution are at least five, viz. : (1) Pressure of 

 an environment affecting function and function affect- 

 ing structure, and the changed structure and function 

 inherited and integrated through successive genera- 

 tions. (2) Use and disuse of organs reacting on 

 growth-force and producing change in form, structure, 

 and size of parts, and such change inherited and in- 

 tegrated through successive generations. (3) Natural 

 selection among individuals of those most in accord 

 with an ever-changing environment — or, as it has been 

 otherwise called, " survival of the fittest. " (4) Sex- 

 ual selection : the selection by the female, among vary- 

 ing male individuals, of the strongest or the most 

 attractive. Among mammals, the selection is mainly 

 of the strongest, as decided by battle ; among birds, of 

 the most attractive, as determined by splendor of color 

 or beauty of song. (5) Physiologic selection, or selec- 

 tion of those varieties the individuals of which are 

 fertile among themselves, but sterile or less fertile with 

 other varieties and with the parent stock. This has 

 also been called " segregate fecundity" by Gulick 

 and homogamy by Romanes. These five factors are 

 not universally recognized. The first two are Lam- 

 arckian, the second two Darwinian factors. In the 

 Lamarckian factors the changes occur during indi- 

 vidual life, and the offspring is supposed to inherit 

 them unchanged. In the Darwinian factors, on the 

 contrary, the changes are in the offspring, and the indi- 

 viduals during life are supposed to remain substanti- 

 ally unchanged. The fifth factor has been brought 

 forward by Romanes and Gulick and is not yet uni- 

 versally recognized. (6) To these recognized factors 

 of organic evolution must now be added, in human 

 evolution, another and far higher factor, viz., conscious, 

 voluntary cooperation in the ?uork of evolution, con- 

 scious striving for the betterment of the individual and 

 of the race. This factor consists essentially in the 



formation and pursuit of ideals. This is called a factor, 

 but it is also much more than a factor. It stands in 

 place of nature herself — it is a higher, rational nature 

 using all the factors of physical nature for its own 

 higher purposes. To distinguish the evolution deter- 

 mined by this factor from organic evolution, it is called 

 progress. Underlying all these factors as their nee- 



