EXTRACAPSULARIUM 



454 



EXTROVERSION 



affections of which the true seat is more or less re- 

 mote from the point which manifests the symptoms of 

 nerve-embarrassment. E. -ocular, outside the eye, or 

 eyeball ; in biology, applied to those antennae of insects 

 that are located at a distance from the eyes. E. -pelvic, 

 situated or occurring outside the pelvis. E. -polar 

 Region, that lying outside the electrodes, as opposed 

 to the Intra-polar Region, or area, that lying within 

 or directly beneath the electrodes. E. -uterine, with- 

 out the uterus. E.-u. Pregnancy. See Pregnancy. 

 E.-u. Life, that after birth. 



Extracapsularium (eks-trah-kap-su-la' -re-urn) [extra, 

 beyond, outside ; capsula, capsule : pi. , Extra-capsu- 

 larid\. In biology, that portion of a radiolarian out- 

 side the central capsule. 



Extracardial (eks-trah-kar 1 '-de-al) [extra, without ; 

 napdia, heart]. Situated or occurring outside of the 

 heart. 



Extracloacal (eks-trah-klo-a 1 '-kal) [extra, without; clo- 

 aca, a sewer]. In biology, situated outside the cloaca. 



Extracostal (eks-trak-kos'-tal) [extra, without ; costa, 

 a rib]. Outside of the ribs. E. Muscle, any 

 external intercostal muscle. See Muscles, Table of . 



Extracrureus (eks-trah-kru' -re-us) [extra, outside ; 

 crus, a. leg]. The vastus externus muscle. See Mus- 

 cles, Table of. 



Extract, Extractum (ex'-trakt, -trakt' -um) [extractus ; 

 extrahere, to extract: pi. , Extracta~\. In pharmacy, a 

 solid or semi-solid preparation, made by extracting the 

 soluble principles of a drug and evaporating the 

 solution to a proper consistence. Alcohol and water 

 are the most common solvents. There are 33 official 

 extracts. E., Alcoholic, that in which alcohol is the 

 solvent. E., Aqueous, that prepared by using water 

 as the solvent. E., Fluid, in pharmacy, an alcoholic 

 or hydro-alcoholic solution of the solid principles of a 

 vegetable drug, of such strength that iooo grams of 

 the drug are fully represented by one liter of the fluid 

 extract. There are 88 official fluid extracts, besides 53 

 in the N. F. 



Extraction (ex-trak' '-shuri) [extractio ; ex, out ; trahere, 

 to draw]. The drawing out of a body, as a calculus, 

 a fetus, or a tooth. Also, the pharmaceutic process of 

 making an extract, chiefly by the action of some men- 

 struum, as alcohol, ether, or water. E. of Cataract, 

 removal of the cataractous lens by surgical operation. 

 The methods proposed or practised are almost num- 

 berless. Daviel's Method, improved by Beer, consists 

 in making a semicircular flap (upward in Daviel's, 

 downward in Beer's) in the cornea, or at the margin, 

 with rupture of the capsule and expression of the lens. 

 This method is being revived and, with modification, 

 adopted by a large number of modern operators, and 

 is called the Flap-extraction. The Discission- 

 operation is used in soft cataract, and consists in in- 

 troducing a needle, whereby the capsule is broken and 

 the aqueous humor gains access to the lens-substance, 

 which is then absorbed or removed by suction. In v. 

 Graefe's Peripheral Linear Method, the Graefe 

 lance-knife enters the sclerotic 1.5 mm. from the cor- 

 neal border, and 2 mm. below the horizontal tangent 

 of the upper border of the cornea, and is at first 

 directed downward, but the counterpuncture is finally 

 made opposite the point of puncture. The cut up- 

 ward is then made parallel to the plane of the iris, 

 followed by an iridectomy, capsulotomy, and expres- 

 sion of the lens. The change in v. Graefe's Modi- 

 fied Linear Extraction consists chiefly in bringing 

 the section to the corneo-scleral junction. Needling, 

 or the needle-operation. Sec Discission. The Sim- 

 ple Method, now advocated by many ophthalmic 

 surgeons, consists in a flap-forming section and an 



omission of the iridectomy. The Suction Method 

 consists in the extraction of soft cataracts by sucking 

 the lenticular matter through a syringe nozzle intro- 

 duced into the lens-substance, or by other methods. 

 See Operations, Table of. 

 Extractive (eks-trak' -tiv) [ex, out; trahere, to draw]. 



1. In pharmacy, a substance which, during the process 

 of making an extract from a vegetable or drug of 

 vegetable origin, becomes dark, and finally insoluble. 



2. Any one of a class of nitrogenous bodies (such as 

 creatin and xanthin) that may be extracted in small 

 amount from various animal tissues. By some writers 

 they are classed as protein compounds. 



Extractor (eks-trak' -tor) [ex, out ; trahere, to draw] . 

 An instrument for extracting bullets, sequestras, etc. 

 E., Screw, one armed with a screw-attachment ; a 

 tirefond. 



Extractum (eks-trak' -turn). See Extract. E. ferri 

 pomatum, or E. pomi ferratum, ferrated extract 

 of apples ; official in the German Pharmacy and given 

 in the National formulary ; it is an extract of sour 

 apples, 50 parts, with iron one part. It contains a 

 crude malate of iron. 



Extrafloral (eks-trah-flo' '-ral) [extra, outside ; flos, a 

 flower]. In biology, placed without the flower. 



Extrafoliaceous (eks-trah-fo-le-a' '-she-us) [extra, out- 

 side; folium, leaf]. In biology, separated from the 

 leaves. 



Extralimital (eks-lrah-lim'-it-al)[extra, outside; limes, 

 bounds, limit]. In biology, not included in a given 

 area, either on the surface of a plant or animal, or on 

 the earth's surface. 



Extramalleolus (eks-trah-mal-e' -o-lus) [extra, without ; 

 malleolus, a small hammer]. The outer malleolus of 

 the ankle. 



Extrambulacral (eks-tram-bu-la' -kral) [extra, with- 

 out; ambulacrum, a walk, alley]. In biology, 

 located outside the ambulacra. 



Extramedullary {eks-trah-me-dul' -ar-e) [extra, with- 

 out; medulla, marrow]. Situated or occurring out- 

 side of the medulla. 



Extraneous (eks-tra' -ne-us) [extraneus, external]. 

 Existing or belonging outside the organism. E. 

 Body, a foreign or intrusive body, present within the 

 organism. 



Extraordinary (eks-tror' -din-a-re) [extra, beyond ; 

 ordo, rule]. Out of the common ; special. E.Ray. 

 See Ray. 



Extrathecal (eks-trah-the'-kal) [extra, outside ; theca, 

 box, case]. In biology, located outside the theca. 



Extravasation (eks-trav-as-a' -shun) [extra, outside ; 

 vas, a vessel]. Filtration or effusion of blood, scrum 

 or fluid from any vessel into adjacent tissues. 



Extraversio gonadum (eks-lrah-ver'-ze-o go-ita'-ditm) 

 [L.]. In biology, pendent external gastro-genital 

 pouches in certain Medustr. 



Extremital (eks-trem'-it-al) [extremus, outermost]. 

 Situated towards, or pertaining to, an extremity ; 

 distal. 



Extremity (eks-trem'-it-e) [extremus, outermost]. \n 

 arm or leg.; the distal or terminal end or part of any 

 organ ; a hand or foot. 



Extricate, Extricated (eks'-trik-at, -a' -ted) [exit 

 to disentangle]. In biology, applied to the normally 

 extruded parts of certain insects, as the ovipositors. 



Extrinsic (eks-trin'-sik) [extrinsicus, from without]. 

 External, outward. E. Muscles, those attached to 

 the trunk and extending to the limbs. 



Extrorse (eks-trors') [extrors us, toward the outside]. In 

 biology, turned outward or away from the body or 

 central axis. 



Extroversion (eks-tro-ver' -shun). See Exstrophy. 



