FETUS 



466 



FEVEK 



different months of pregnancy. First Month. Indis- 

 tinguishable from ovum of other mammals. It is a flat- 

 tened vesicle. The embryo is nourished by a yelk- 

 sac which, even at the end of the first month, is 

 larger than the cephalic extremity of the fetus. The 



Occipitomental 



Fronto-mental. 



Occipito- 

 frontal. 



Sub-occipito- 

 bregmatic 



f Cervico-bregmatic. 

 Diameters of the Fetal Head. (Tarnier.) 



visceral arches are distinct. The heart, first traces of 

 liver and kidneys, eyes, rudimentary extremities, oral 

 and anal orifices are formed. The spinal canal closes 

 (spina bifida results if this fails to occur at this time). 

 Length, I cm., or .4 inch. Second Month. Grows to 

 4 cm. in length (1.57 inches), and is about the size of 

 a pigeon's egg. The visceral clefts close, except the 

 first, which forms the external auditory meatus, tym- 

 panum, and Eustachian tube. At this time arrest of 

 development results in hare-lip, umbilical hernia, or 

 exomphalos. Eyes, nose, and ears are distinguishable. 

 The first suggestion of hands and feet appears, and 

 these are webbed. External genitals also now develop, 

 but sex is not to be differentiated. Third Month. 

 Maternal blood affords nourishment; 9 cm. long (3.6 

 inches), and about the size of a goose-egg. Fingers 

 and toes lose their webbed character and nails appear 

 as fine membranes. Points of ossification are found 

 in most of the bones. The neck separates the head 

 from the trunk, and sex is determined by the appear- 

 ance of the uterus. Weight, 30 grms. = 463 grains. 

 Fourth Month. 16 cm. = 6 in. in length. Lanugo 

 is present. Intestines contain meconium. Sex is 

 well defined. Weight, 55 grms. = 848.76 grains. 

 Fifth Month. 25 cm. — 10 in. Vernix caseosa 

 appears in places. The face is senile in appearance 

 and wrinkled. Eyelids begin to open. Quickening 

 occurs. Heart-sounds are heard. Weight, 273 grms. 

 = 10.8 oz. Sixth Month. 30 cm. = 12 in. Hair 

 grows longer. Eyebrows and lashes appear. The 

 testicles approach the inguinal rings. Weight, 715 

 grms. = 23 oz. Seventh Month. 35 cm. = 14 in. 

 Pupillary membrane disappears. Weight,i2i3 gnns. = 

 39 oz. Eighth Month. 40 cm. — 16 in. Down on 

 the face begins to disappear. The left testicle has 

 descended. Ossification begins in the lower epiphysis 

 of the femur. The nails do not project beyond the 

 finger-tips. Weight, 161 7 grms. = 4^ lbs. Ninth 

 Month. 45 cm. = 18 in. Subcutaneous fat increases. 

 Diameters of the head about I to \]/ 2 cm. less than 

 at term. Weight, 1990 grms. = 5 J lbs. Mature 



Lengths and Weights of the Fetus at Different 

 Stages of its Development. 

 1st month, 1 cm. .4 in. 



2d 



3d 9 " 3-6 " 30 grms. 463 grains. 



4th 

 5th 

 6th 

 7th 



8th 40 " 16 " 1617 " 4^ lbs. 



9tta 

 10th 



Fetus. 50 cm. long = 20 inches ; weight, 2737 grms. — 

 7^ lbs. Skin is rosy ; lanugo has disappeared. 

 The nails are perfect and project beyond the finger 

 tips. The eyes are opened. The center of ossifi- 

 cation in the lower epiphysis of femur is 5 mm. in 

 diameter, while that of the cuboid bone is just be- 

 ginning to show. Diameters of head are normal. F., 

 Amorphous. See Anideus. F. Anideus. See Ani- 

 deus. F. in fetu (fetus within the fetus) , the name 

 applied to those interesting inclusions in which the 

 Stronger fetus in its growth has included within its 

 organism the parts of the weaker fetus. F. papyra- 

 ceus, the name given to the malformation resulting in 

 a twin-pregnancy, when, owing to an inequality in the 

 circulation of the embryos, the weaker fetus dies, and 

 by the continually increasing pressure of the growing 

 fetus is flattened more and more against the uterine 

 walls, until the mass has a thickness little greater than 

 stout parchment. F., Position of, the position occu- 

 pied by the fetus in the mother's womb. It may be 

 oblique, transverse, or longitudinal. Also, the posi- 

 tion occupied by the fetus with reference to the 

 mother's pelvis. See Table (p. 467). F., Presen- 

 tation of, that part of the fetus that presents in 

 labor. See Presentation. 

 Feuillea [fu-il'-e-ah) [after Louis Feuillet, a French 

 naturalist]. A genus of cucurbitaceous climbing 

 plants. The seeds of F. cordifolia, of Jamaica, are 

 emetic and purgative. F. trilobata, of Brazil, has 

 similar qualities. Unof. 

 Fever (fe'-ver) \_febris, a fever]. A systemic disease 

 or symptom of disease whose distinctive characteristic 

 is elevation of temperature, accompanied also by 

 quickened circulation, increased katabolism or tissue- 

 waste, and disordered secretions. F., Abdominal. 

 See F, Typhoid. F., Adeno-nervous. Synonym 

 of Plague, q. v. F., Adeno-typhoid. Synonym of 

 F., Mediterranean. F., African. See F., Yellow, 

 and Dengue. Also the same, as F. , Congo. F. and 

 Ague. See F, Intermittent. F., Amatory. See 

 Amatory. F., Anomalous, one the symptoms of 

 which are irregular. F., Aquamalarial. Same as F. , 

 Malarial. F., Ardent, a non-specific, continued fever 

 occurring in hot climates, in which the ordinary symp- 

 toms of febricula are exaggerated. See Ardent. F., 

 Articular. See Dengue. F., Asthenic, one with a 

 low-fever temperature, weak circulation, and great loss 

 of nervous force. F., Ataxic. See F., Typhus. F., 

 Atypic. See F. , Anomalous. F., Ballast, fever on 

 shipboard ; said to be due to decaying organic matter 

 in the ballast. F., Barbadoes. Synonym of F, 

 Yellow. F., Barcelona. Synonym of F. , Yellow. 

 F.-bark. See Alstonia. F., Bilious, one accom- 

 panying affections of the digestive organs. F., 

 Black. Synonym of Cerebrospinal meningitis. F., 

 Blackwater, a fever occurring on the west coast 

 of Africa, and characterized by attacking only those 

 who have already suffered from malarial fever. 

 There is a chill followed by lumbar pain, slight 

 jaundice, fever, and the passage of porter-like urine. 

 Bilious vomiting may occur, and death with uremic 

 symptoms. It occurs in paroxysms — in other words, 

 it is a paroxysmal hemoglobinuria. F., Bladdery. 

 I. A vulgar name for Pemphigus. 2. Same as F., 

 Catheter. F. -blister, a vesicular or pustular dermal 

 eruption seen near the mouth, after a febrile disturb- 

 ance, often occurring after a common cold. See Herpei 

 facia/is and //. labialis. F., Boa Vista. Synonym 

 of F. , Yelloiv. F., Bona, a form of malignant malarial 

 fever in Algeria. F., Bouquet. Synonym of Dengue. 

 F., Brain, fever associated with cerebral disturbance, 

 or with inflammation of the cerebral meninges. F., 



