FIR 



473 



FISSURE 



Fir (Jitr) [ME., fir, the fir-tree]. See Abies. F. -bal- 

 sam. See Abies balsamea. F.-wool, a fiber prepared 

 in Germany from pine-leaves. It has been recom- 

 mended as a material for the clothing of invalids. 

 F.-wool Extract, an extract prepared from the leaves 

 of Pinus sylvestris in the process of separating fir- wool. 

 It is used in chronic rheumatism. Unof. F.-wool 

 Oil {Oleum pini sylvestris , B. P.), the fragrant volatile 

 oil distilled from the leaves of Pinus sylvestris, used 

 mainly by inhalation. Dose, for rheumatism, 10—20 

 drops, four times a day. 



Fire (fir) [ME.,^]. The visible heat of burning 

 bodies. F.-damp, the gas contained in coal, often 

 given off in large quantities, and exploding, on 

 ignition, when mixed with atmospheric air. F. 

 measles. Synonym of R'dtheln. F.-weed. See 

 Erechthites and Epilobium. 



Firing (fir'-ing) [ME. , fire, fire]. The application, 



■ either slight or caustic, of a hot metallic cauter. The 

 sterilization of a vessel or flask by the combustion of 

 contained alcohol. 



Firming ( furm' ' -ing) [firmus, firm]. Hardening of 

 the flesh of a slaughtered animal. Marked flaccidity 

 of the flesh is a sign of an unhealthy condition of the 

 meat. 



First (furst) [ME., first \ Before all others; fore- 

 most in rank. F. Intention. See Healing. F. 

 Light Oil, the fraction of coal-tar distilling at a tem- 

 perature up to 170 C. It includes a small percentage 

 of ammonia-liquor which is mechanically contained in 

 the tar, and is separated from the tar-oils by being 

 allowed to stand and settle out, when it is drawn off. 

 The specific gravity of this fraction is about .975, and 

 it is made up of benzene, toluene, and higher homo- 

 logues, with phenol, cresol, naphthalene, etc. 



Fischer's Operation. See Operations, Table of. F.'s 

 Test. See Tests, Table of. 



Fisetin (fi-se'-tinij. Same as Fustin. 



Fish [ME.,y?5c//]. A vertebrate with gills and fins, in- 

 habiting the water. F. -berry. See Cocculus indicus. 

 F. -gelatin. See Glue and Isinglass. F. -roe Bodies. 

 See Fungus Foot. F.-skin Disease. See Ichthyosis. 



Fisher's Brain-murmur. See Signs and Symptoms, 

 Table of. F.'s Train-murmur. See Signs and 

 Symptoms, Table of. 



Fissate (fis'-at) [fissus; findere, to cleave]. In bi- 

 ology, applied to antennas or other structures having 

 the terminal portion divided or split into two parts. 



Fissile (fis'-il) [findere, to split]. That which may 

 be split or cleft. In biology, formed of plates or 

 scales closely placed together. 



Fission (fish'-un) [fissus ; findere, to cleave]. In bi- 

 ology, spontaneous self-division of unicellular organ- 

 isms or histologic cells, as a process of multiplication. 



Fissipalmation (fis-ip-al-ma' '-shun) [fissus ; findere, 

 to cleave; palma, palm]. In biology, applied to ani- 

 mals having the toes incompletely webbed. 



Fissipara (fisip'-ar-ah) [fissus ; findere, to cleave ; 



■ pants, produce]. In biology, applied in a general 

 way to all organisms that multiply by spontaneous 

 self-division. 

 Fissiparation (fis-ip-ar-a' '-shun) [findere, to split; 

 parere, to produce] . A form of cell-division. See Cell. 

 Fissiparous (fis-ip'-ar-us) [findere, to split; parere, 

 to produce]. Propagating by fission ; applied to uni- 

 cellular organisms or histologic cells that undergo spon- 

 taneous self-division in the process of multiplication. 

 See Fission. 

 Fissural Integer (fish'-ur-al in'-te-jer). See Integer. 

 Fissuration (fish-ur-a' '-shun) [findere, to split]. Same 

 as Fission. Also applied to the arrangement of the 

 fissures of various organs, such as the brain. 



Fissure (fish'-ur) [fissura ; findere, to cleave]. A 

 groove or cleft. A term applied to the clefts or 

 grooves in various organs. F., Abdominal, a sepa- 

 ration of the recti muscles of the abdomen, either 

 above and below the umbilicus, or both. F., Ac- 

 cessory, the inferior end of the cartilaginous por- 

 tion of the Eustachian tube. F., Adoccipital (of 

 Wilder), an inconstant cerebral fissure, extending 

 across the caudal portion of the precuneus, and 

 forming an acute angle with the occipital fissure. F., 

 Amnion's, during the early fetal period, a pyriform 

 fissure in the lower portion of the sclerotic coat of 

 the eye. F. , Amygdaline (of Wilder), a cerebral fis- 

 sure on the mesal aspect of the tip of the temporal lobe ; 

 it may be identical with the basirrhinal fissure of Owen ; 

 it is collocated with the amygdala. F., Anal. See 

 F. of the Anus. F., Anterior (of Burdach), a cere- 

 bral fissure, probably the presylvian. F., Anterior 

 (of spinal cord). See F. , Anterior Median (of spinal 

 cord). F., Anterior Lateral (of spinal cord), a 

 groove on the ventro-lateral aspect of the spinal cord. 

 F., Anterior Median (of medulla oblongata), the 

 continuation of the ventral fissure of the cord into the 

 oblongata, where it terminates at the pons in the 

 foramen cecum. F., Anterior Median (of spinal 

 cord), a deep longitudinal groove in the median line 

 of the ventral aspect of the spinal cord. F., Antero- 

 lateral, a slightly marked depression along the ventro- 

 lateral column of the spinal cord, separating the latter 

 into the ventral and lateral columns. F., Antero- 

 median. See F., Anterior Mrditm (of spinal cord). 

 F., Antero-parietal. See F. , Precentral. F., Anti- 

 tragohelicine, a fissure between the helix and the 

 antitragus of the external ear. F., Antorbital (of 

 Owen), a transverse fissure on the orbital surface of 

 the frontal lobe of the brain near its cephalic margin. 

 F. of the Anus, a linear ulcer at the muco-cutaneous 

 junction of the anus, giving rise to intense suffering on 

 defecation. F. , Ape, I . The dorsal extension of an 

 unusually deep occipital fissure. 2. An independent 

 fissure on the lateral aspect of the cerebrum, between 

 the occipital and temporal regions (the exoccipital fis- 

 sure of Wilder). F., Auricular, an opening situated 

 between the vaginal and mastoid processes of the 

 petrous portion of the temporal bone, through which 

 passes the auricular branch of the pneumogastric 

 nerve. F., Basirrhinal (of Owen), a short fissure 

 near the tip of the temporal lobe of the brain. F., 

 Basisylvian (of Wilder), the stem of the Sylvian fis- 

 sure on the ventral aspect of the cerebrum. F. of 

 Bichat. See F., Cerebral, Transverse. F., Branchial, 

 any one of the visceral clefts. F. of Broca. See F. , 

 Limbic. F., Burdach's. See F. , Anterior, and 

 F., Superior. F. of Calamus scriptorius, the ter- 

 mination of the mesal fissure of the fourth ventricle 

 at the apex of the calamus. F., Calcarine, a fissure 

 on the mesal aspect of the cerebrum, extending from 

 near the occipital end and joining the occipital fissure ; 

 it is collocated with the calcar or hippocampus minor. 

 F., Callosal (of Owen), the space between the dorsal 

 surface of the callosum and the overhanging cortex. 

 F., Calloso-marginal, one on the mesal surface 

 of the cerebral hemisphere, dividing the area between 

 the callosum and the margin into nearly equal parts ; 

 opposite to the splenium it turns in a dorsal direction. 

 F., Central, a deep and constant fissure extending 

 from the dorsal margin in a ventro-cephalic direction, 

 at an angle of about 67 with the meson ; it crosses 

 the lateral aspect of the cerebrum at about the middle 

 of its length ; the fissure of Rolando. F., Cephalic, 

 in Schizonemcrlines, a longitudinal fissure on each side 

 of the head. F., Cerebral, Great. See F, Cerebral, 



