FONTICULUS 



482 



FOOT 



the point of junction of the apex of the lambdoid and 

 the sagittal sutures. 



Fonticulus {fon-tik'-u-lus) [dim. of fons, fountain]. 

 I. The depression at the root of the neck, just 

 cephalad of the sternum ; more fully fonticulus gut- 

 turis. 2. A small artificial ulcer or issue. 



Food [ME., foode]. Anything used for the nourish- 

 ment or formation of tissue. The substances ordin- 

 arily employed as aliments. F., Albumin-spring, 

 one that diminishes the metabolism of albuminates. 

 F.-accessories, a term given to the various sub- 

 stances used as condiments, which give flavor to food or 



ANIMAL FOODS. 



Albu- Nfree 



minoids. org. bodies. 



Beef. L 

 Pork. [_ 

 Fowl. £ 

 Fish, f 



■ 2.5 

 1 

 1.3 



■Hi 



Cow's milk, r 



a 0.4 



VEGETABLE FOODS. 



Water. l'rotuids l)ig"^iihle. Non- 



N-frepnr- digestible, 

 gauic bodies. 



White 

 turnip. 



Cauliflower. (~ 

 Beer, f" 



Hi 



stimulate the digestive secretions, as well as to the well- 

 known stimulants, tea, coffee, cocoa, alcohol, etc. 

 Foods, Isodynamic. Those producing an equal 

 amount of heat. F., Plastic, proteids. F., Res- 

 piratory, fats and carbohydrates. (The nomencla- 

 ture of the last two rests upon an erroneous theory.) 

 F., Classification of (according to Yeo) : — 



1. Albuminates. — Nitrogenous substances having 

 the same or nearly the same chemic composition 

 as albumin. Examples. — Albumin, fibrin, synto- 

 nin, myosin, globulin, casein, from the animal; 

 gluten and legumin, frcm the vegetable kingdom. 



(a). Subordinate nitrogenous substances referred to 

 this class, and known as — 



( Gelatin. 

 Gelatigenous substances,-! Casein. 



(.Chondrin. 



2. Fats, or Hydro-carbons, containing carbon, 

 hydrogen, and oxygen ; the proportion of oxygen 

 being insufficient to convert all the hydrogen into 

 water. Examples. — Olein, stearin, margarin. 

 (Butter is a familiar one.) 



3. Carbo-hydrates, containing carbon, hydrogen, 

 and oxygen ; the two latter elements in the propor- 

 tion to form water. Examples. — Starch, dextrin, 

 cane-sugar, grape-sugar, lactose or milk-sugar. 



(a). The Vegetable acids, oxalic, tartaric, citric, 

 malic, acetic, and lactic, are by some authors 

 referred to this class. 



4. Mineral. — Water. Salts. — Sodium and potassi- 

 um chlorids, cakium and magnesium phos- 

 phates, iron, etc. 



F., Complete, a food that contains all the alimentary 



Inor- 

 ganic 



substances required for the support and maintenance 

 of animal life. The only complete food afforded by 

 the animal kingdom is eggs. F.-cure, dietetic treat- 

 ment of disease. F. -stuffs or F. -substances, the 

 materials, from both the animal and vegetable king- 

 doms, that may be employed for the purpose of sup- 

 plying nourishment to the body, and providing the 

 elements necessary for the formation of tissue. F.- 

 vacuole, a temporary space often noticed in protozoa, 

 containing nutritive matter. F.-yolk, all that portion 

 of the yolk that does not undergo segmentation, but 

 serves to nourish the embryo ; nutritive protoplasm ; 

 deutoplasm. 



Fool's Parsley. See Ethusa. 



Foot [ME., foof\. 1. The terminal extremity of the 

 leg ; one of the organs of locomotion. In bimana 

 and quadrumana it con- 

 sists of the tarsus, meta- 

 tarsus, and phalanges, or 

 toes. 2. The base of a 

 microscope. 3. A meas- 

 ure of length equal to 

 twelve inches or 30.479 

 cm. F. -clonus. See 

 Clonus and Ankle-clonus. 

 F.-bath, a pediluvium. 

 F.-drop, a falling of the 

 foot due to a paralysis of 

 the flexors of the ankle. 

 It is seen in neuritis. See 

 Dropped Foot. F., Fun- 

 gus. Madura Foot; 

 Mycetoma ; Ulcus grave. 

 An endemic disease of 

 India affecting the foot, 

 which increases in size, 

 this increase being at- 

 tended with the develop- 

 in e n t of mammillated 

 pustules, in each of which 

 is a deep-seated sinus.' 

 The sinuses are lined by 

 a distinct membrane, and 

 contain characteristic 

 "fish-roe bodies" of a 

 white, yellowish, red- 

 dish, or blackish color. 

 These bodies are com- 

 posed mainly of fatty and 

 caseous matters, the re- 

 sults of decomposition, 

 encrusted with salts and 

 blood- pigment. The 

 bones are slowly ab- 

 sorbed, and gangrene or 

 exhaustion may carry off 

 the patient. The disease 

 is most common in adult 

 males. A fungus, Chiony- 

 pha carteri, appears to be 

 the active cause of the 

 disease. F.^halt, a dis- 

 ease of sheep, said to be 

 caused by worms in the 



Foot, Plantar Aspect. 



Inferior surface of calca« 

 neum. 2. Inner tuberosity. 

 3. Outer tuberosity. 4. Angu- 

 lar depression between these 

 tuberosities. 5. Inferior por- 

 tion of head of astragalus. 

 6. Plantar surface of cuboid, 

 for attachment of inferior cal- 

 caneo-cuboid ligament. 7. 

 Tuberosity of cuboid, 

 phoid. 9. Tuberosit\ 

 phoid. 10. Inferior portion 

 of internal cuneiform. 11. 

 Apex of middle cuneiform. 

 12. Apex of internal cunei- 

 form 13, 14, is, 16. 17. First, 

 second, third, fourth and fifth 

 metatarsal bones. 18. Tuber- 

 osity of fifth metatarsal bone. 

 19 Two sesamoid boi 

 First phalanx of tji 1 



21. Last phalanx ofgreattofc 



22, 22. First phalan 

 remaining toes. 23, . 

 ond and third phalai 

 these toes. 



foot. F. -mange, a para 

 sitic disease of the heels and lower parts of the logs, 

 especially the hind ones, of a horse, giving rise to .ureat 

 itching and irritation. It is due to an acarus, Symbfa% 

 equi. F.-and-mouth Disease, a rare affection that 

 occurs in sheep, cows, pigs, and horses, and is occa 

 sionally transmitted to man. It manifests itself by the 

 appearance of vesicles and bullae in the mouth and on 



