GALENISM 



500 



GALVANIC 



(a) when they were of vegetable origin, and not 

 chemic or spagyric ; (b) when they were designed for 

 the use of human patients, and were not veterinary ; 

 (c) the term was often nearly equivalent to officinal, 

 or official, in the modern sense of the latter word. 



Galenism (ga'-len-izm) [Galen, an ancient physician]. 

 The system or theory of medicine taught by Galen 

 and his followers. 



Galeopsis (ga-le-op'-sis) [yaksrj, a weasel; bipic, ap- 

 pearance]. A genus of labiate plants; hemp-nettle. 

 G. ladanum, of Europe, is a popular remedy for 

 coughs. The oil of the seeds of G. tetrahit, of 

 Europe and N. America, is said to be a vermifuge. 

 Unof. 



Galeropia, or Galeropsia (ga-ler-o'-pe-ah, or ga-ler- op'- 

 se-ah) [yaAepoc;, cheerful ; dipig , vision]. A preternatur- 

 ally clear and light appearance of objects due to some 

 perversion of the visual apparatus. 



Galianconism ( ga-le-an' -ko-nizm) [yaTuaynuv, a short- 

 armed person; yaMrj, weasel ; aynuv, elbow]. Atro- 

 phy of the arm, with shortening. 



Galipe's Test. See Tests, Table of. 



Galipea (gal-ip-e'-ah) [L.]. A genus of tropical Amer- 

 ican rutaceous shrubs and trees. G. cusparia and 

 G. officinalis afford angustura bark, ,q. v. , also called 

 cusparia bark. 



Galipein (gal-ip-e'-in) [Galipea~\, C 20 H 21 NO 3 . An 

 alkaloid from cusparia bark. 



Galipot [gal' -e-pot) [Fr.]. Crude Burgundy pitch. Cf. 

 Gallipot. 



Galium (ga'-le-um) [ydXiov, milk- wort]. A genus of 

 rubiaceous plants of many species, several of which 

 are used in popular medicine. Among them are G. 

 californicum, G. circsezans, G. pilosum, and G. 

 trifedum, in N. America, and G. mollugo, G. crucia- 

 tum, and G. verum in Europe. See, also, Ladies' 

 Bedstraw. G. aparine, goose-grass, cleavers, or 

 clivers, a succulent plant, the juice of which is a 

 popular remedy in strumous affections, and is said to 

 be actively diuretic. Dose of the juice J v ; of the fluid 

 extract 3J-ij. Unof. 



Gall {gawl) [ME., galle ; x^V, bile]. The bile. The 

 juice normally secreted by the liver. See Galla. G.- 

 bladder, the pear-shaped sac in the right lobe of the 

 liver, constituting the reservoir for the bile. See Chole- 

 cyst. G.-cyst, the gall-bladder. G-duct. See Duct. 

 G. -fever, a synonym of intermittent fever. G.-stones, 

 the calcareous concretions occasionally formed in 

 the gall-bladder and its ducts. They are usually of 

 small size, but maybe as large as a pigeon's egg. 

 They are composed of the bile-pigments and acids, 

 cholesterin, various salts, especially of lime and mag- 

 nesia. Cholesterin is the chief constituent. They 

 give rise to acute attacks of intense pain, the so-called 

 biliary colic. 



Galla (gal'-ah) [L]. Nut-gall. An excrescence on 

 the leaves of dyer's oak, Quercus lusitanica, caused 

 by the deposited ova of an insect. It contains tannic 

 acid from 10-75 P er cent., gallic acid 5 per cent. 

 Dose gr. v-xv. G., Tinct., 20 per cent. Dose ^ss-iij. 

 G., Unguentum, 10 per cent. See Acid, Tannic. 

 G., Unguentum, cum opii (B.P.), an astringent and 

 sedative ointment. 



Gallacetophenone (gal-as-et-o-fe'-non) [galla, gall; 

 acidum, acid; F. , phinyle~\. A yellow powder with 

 the formula CH :) CO.C 6 H 2 (OH) s , prepared from pyro- 

 gallic acid. It is used as a 10 per cent, ointment in 

 dermatology. 



Gallei'n (gal'-e-in), C 18 H u 7 . Pyrogallol-phthaleTn ; 

 one of the coal-tar colors, obtained on heating pyro- 

 gallic acid with phthalic anhydrid to 200 C. It 

 dissolves with a dark-red color in alcohol, and with a 



beautiful blue color in alkalies. It is an important 

 dye-stuff, producing tolerably fast shades of purple and 

 violet on cotton, wool, and silk. See Pigments. 



Gallic (gal'-ik) [galla, an oak-gall]. Pertaining to the 

 oak-gall or nut-gall. G. Acid. See Acid, Gallic. 



Gallipoli Oil (gal-e-po'-le). See Turkey-red Oil. 



Gallipot [gal' '-e-poi) [OD. , gleypot, a gallipot]. An 

 apothecary's pot for holding ointments or confections. 



Gallisin (gal'-is-in) [galla, an oak-gall], C 12 H, 4 O 10 . 

 An unfermentable carbohydrate found in starch-sugar. 

 It is prepared by fermenting a 20 per cent, solution of 

 starch-sugar with yeast at 18 or 20 C. for five or 

 six days. In the pure state it is a white, amorphous, 

 extremely hygroscopic powder; its taste is at first 

 sweet, but afterward becomes insipid ; it is easily 

 decomposed by heat ; is readily soluble in water, nearly 

 insoluble in absolute alcohol. It is dextro-rotatory 

 and reduces copper-solutions. 



Gallium (gal'-e-um) [Gallia, Gaul]. A rare metal 

 (symbol Ga. , sp. gr. 5.935), extremely fusible, and 

 related in chemic properties to aluminum, like which 

 it is capable of forming a series of alums. Some of 

 its compounds are poisonous. See Elements, Table of. 



Gallivorous (gal-iv' '-or-us) [galla, a gall-nut ; vorare, 

 to eat, devour]. In biology, applied to the larvae of 

 gall-producing insects that feed on the inside of the 

 nut-gall. 



Gallization (gal-iz-a' '-shun). A method of improving 

 wine, by which the must of a bad year is brought up to 

 the standard found to belong to a good must (24 per 

 cent, of sugar, 0.6 per cent, of acid, and 75.4 per cent, 

 of water) by correcting the ratio of acid to sugar. 

 This is done by adding sugar and water in sufficient 

 quantity. 



Gallocyanin (gal-o-si' -an-in) [galla, ga.ll (-nut) ; nvavoq, 

 blue], C 15 H ]2 N 2 5 . A compound produced by the 

 action of nitroso-dimethyl-anilin upon gallic acid, 

 catechuic acid, etc. It forms shining green needles, 

 and serves as a beautiful violet-colored lake in calico 

 print. See Pigments, Conspectus of. 



Gallon 1 avin (gal-o-flav'-in). See Pigments. 



Gallois' Test. See Tests, Table of. 



Gallon (gal' -on) [MF,., galon, a gallon]. A standard 

 unit of volumetric measurement, having in the United 

 States a capacity of 231 cu. in. , and equivalent to a 

 weight of 58,328. 8 grains of distilled water at maximum 

 density. In Great Britain its capacity is 277.27 cu. in. 

 G., Miniature, in water-testing, a name given to 70 

 c.c. 



Gallop Rhythm (gal' -up rithm). A peculiar form of 

 cardiac arrhythmia, in which the sounds resemble the 

 footfall of a horse in cantering. It is expressed by the 

 words " rat-ta-tat. " It is most frequently heard in 

 interstitial nephritis and arterio-sclerosis. It is said 

 to be met with also in healthy persons. 



Galloping Consumption. The popular term for that 

 very rapidly fatal form of pulmonary tuberculosis, in 

 which there is rapid destruction of the lung-tissue on 

 both sides. It is also called Florid Phthisis. G. 

 Paresis, rapidly progressive general paralysis. 



Galton's Whistle. An instrument used for testing tin- 

 perception of high tones by the ear. 



Galvanic (gal-van' -ik) [Galvani, an Italian physician 

 and scientist]. Pertaining to galvanic or chemic 

 tricity. G. Battery. See Battery. G. Belt, a belt 

 composed of alternate plates of copper and zinc, 

 rated by pieces of felt moistened with a dilute acid. It 

 is designed to be worn around the waist for th 

 tinuous application of galvanism. G. Cautery. Sec 

 Cautery. G. Discs, discs of two dissimilar metals 

 arranged alternately, between which a communication 

 is established when moistened and placed on the skin. 



