GEMMA 



512 



GENITALIA 



teeth of the same class, when normally there should be 

 but one. 



Gemma (jem'-aA) [L., a swelling bud, a germ: pi., 

 Gemma\. In biology, one of the various asexual re- 

 productive bud-like processes of cryptogams. 



Gemmation {jem-a'-sAuri) [gemmare, to put forth 

 buds]. In biology, asexual reproduction by budding, 

 as distinguished from fission and free-cell formation. 

 Gemmation occurs in certain cryptogams and in the 

 Ccelenterata, Polyzoa, and Tunicata among animals, 

 in which the bud arises as an evagination of the ecto- 

 derm only. Cf. Idioplasm, Blastemic, and Bud- 

 ding. 



Gemmipara, Gemmiparae [jem-ip' '-ar-aA,-e) [gemma, 

 a bud ; parere, to produce] . In biology, organisms 

 that reproduce by budding. 



Gemmule (jem'-ul) \_gemmula, a little bud ; dim. of 

 gemma, a bud]. In biology, (a) one of the small 

 buds produced by a gemmiparous organism. (b) 

 In Darwin's theory of pangenesis, one of the invisible 

 granules or atoms, being given off continually by all 

 the cells of the body, conveyed into the blood and cir- 

 culated through the body to finally settle down in 

 other cells, especially the germ-cells. Each gemmule 

 is supposed to reproduce the cell from which it is de- 

 rived, and the gemmules of the different cells become 

 active in the same order as that in which the corres- 

 ponding cells followed each other in the ontogeny 

 of the parent. Galton accepted the " gemmule hy- 

 pothesis," but denied the circulation of the gemmules. 

 Brooks attributes to the male germ-cell a particularly 

 strong power of attraction for the gemmules, so that 

 it collects a special mass of them and stores them up. 

 Cf. Anlage, BiopAor, Determinant, Id, Idioplasm, 

 Heredity. 



Gena {je'-nah} [L. , the cheek : pi. , Gencz~\ . In biology, 

 applied to a rather poorly defined region on the side 

 of the head of various animals ; the cheek. 



Genal {je'-naT) [yevvr, the cheek]. Relating to the 

 gena, or cheek. 



Genepi (jen'-ep-e). See Genipi. 



Genera \j'en' -er-ali) [L.]. Plural of Genus, q.v. 



General (jen'-er-al) [generalis, of a kind]. Common 

 to a class ; universal. G. Anatomy, histology, es- 

 pecially comparative histology. G. Anemia, 

 oligemia ; also, deficiency of hemoglobin in the blood. 

 G. Paralysis, or Paresis. See Paralysis, General, 

 oftAe Insane. 



Generale (ja-ne-ral'-e) [Fr.]. Synonym of Influenza. 



Generate {jen'-er-di) [generare, to beget]. To beget ; 

 to produce of the same kind. 



Generatio aequivoca {jen-er-a' '-sAe-o e-kwiv'-o-kaK) 

 [L. ]. See Generation, Equivocal. 



Generation {jen-er-a' -sAun) [generatio, a begetting]. 

 The begetting or production of offspring. G., Altern- 

 ate, in biology, the alternation of asexual with sexual 

 generation, the offspring of one process differing from 

 that of the other, e.g., the asexual fern and the sexual 

 prothallium, the asexual hydroid-polyp and the sexual 

 medusa. G., Alternations of. See Alternations of 

 Generation. G., Equivocal, spontaneous generation ; 

 birth from parentage of another form ; abiogenesis. 

 G., Fissiparous. See Fission. G., Organs of, those 

 that are functional in reproduction ; the genitalia. G., 

 Spontaneous, abiogenesis ; the generation of living 

 from non-living matter. 



Generator (jen'-er-a-tor) [generare, to generate]. One 

 who, or that which, begets or causes. G.-gas, a gas 

 formed from coal, varying in composition according to 

 the kind of coal employed and the manner of work- 

 ing ; it is used to gasify coke and for the production of 

 heat and power. 



Generic (jen-er' '-ik) [genus, a kind]. Pertaining to 

 the same genus. 



Genesial (jen-e'-ze-al) [yeveoic, origin]. Pertaining 

 to generation. G. Cycle, the periods of ovarian, 

 uterine, and mammary activity into which the re- 

 productive life of the female is divided ; the first ex- 

 tending from puberty to conception, the second from 

 conception to gestation, and the third from gestation 

 through lactation. 



Genesiology {jen-e-ze-ol' -o-je) [yeveaig, reproduction ; 

 hdyog, science]. The science of reproduction. 



Genesis (jen'-es-is) [yeveaig, production] . The act of be- 

 getting ; development ; origin ; formation ; generation. 



Genetic (jen-et'-ik) [yeveaig, generation]. Pertaining 

 to generation, or to anything inherited. G. Affinity, 

 relationship by direct descent. 



Genetous [jen f -et-us] [yeveaig, generation]. Congenital; 

 existing from some point or period in fetal life; as 

 genetous idiocy. 



Genevrette (zAen-a-vref) [Fr.]. A drink made by 

 the fermentation of wild fruits with juniper-berries and 

 wine ; it is popular in parts of Switzerland. 



Genga's Bandage. See Bandage. 



Genial {je'-ne-al) [gena, chin]. Pertaining to the chin. 

 G. Tubercles, four prominent tubercles on the inter- 

 nal surface of the lower jaw. 



Genian (je'-ne-an) [gena; yeveiov, chin]. Pertaining to 

 the chin. 



Geniculate, Geniculated {jen-ik'-u-lat, -ed) [genicu- 

 lare, to bend the knee]. In biology, kneed, or ab- 

 ruptly bent. G. Bodies, the corpora geniculata ; two 

 oblong, flattened bodies on the outer side of the cor- 

 pora quadrigemina and under the back part of the 

 optic thalamus. See Geniculum. G. Ganglion. 

 Same as Intumescentia gangliformis. 



Geniculum (jen-iA / -u-lum) [genu, knee]. One of 

 the two eminences on the latero-caudal aspect of the 

 diencephal ; the post-genictdum is mesad and more dis- 

 tinct, and the pre-geniculum, laterad and less distinct. 



Genio- {je / -ne-o-) [yeveiov, the chin]. A prefix denot- 

 ing connection with the chin. G.-hyoglossus Mus- 

 cle. See Muscles, Table of. G.-hyoid Muscle. 

 See Muscles, Table of. 



Genioplasty {je' '-ne-o-plas-te) [yeveiov, chin ; nldaaeiv, 

 to form]. Plastic surgery, or a plastic operation, upon 

 the chin. 



Genipap [jen'-e-pafi) [native Guiana, Genipapo\ The 

 agreeable edible fruit of Genipa americana,& rubiaceous 

 tree of tropical America. Cataplasms are made of the 

 unripe fruit. 



Genipi (jen'-ip-e) [Fr. , ginepi). A green bitter-sweet 

 cordial, or liquor, made from Alpine herbs of the 

 genera Artemisia, AcAillea, etc. 



Genista (;'en-is / -taA) [L.]. A genus of leguminous 

 plants. G. canadensis, affords some part of the so- 

 called oil of rhodium. G. purgans, of W. Europe 

 is purgative and emetic. G. tinctoria, dyer's broom, 

 is diuretic and purgative. Unof. 



Genital (jen'-it-al) [genitalis, pertaining to genera- 

 tion]. Pertaining to the organs of generation or to re- 

 production. G. Cord, the union of the two ducts ol 

 Wolff and of Midler to form a common cord in the 

 embryo. G. Eminence, or Tubercle, an elevation 

 appearing about the sixth week of embryonic life, in 

 front of the cloaca, and from which the penis or clito- 

 ris is developed. G. Fissure, a furrow extending 

 from the genital eminence of the embryo to the cloaca. 

 G. Folds, two plications at the side of the oiitice of 

 the cloaca. G. Furrow. Same as G. Fissure. G. 

 Sense, the degree of vigorousness of the development 

 of ovisacs. 



Genitalia {jen-it-a' -le-aA) [genitalis, pertaining to gen- 



