GLYCODRUPOSE 



526 



GNATHIDIUM 



Glycodrupose {gli-ko-dru' '-pos) \y'AvKvq, sweet ; dpim- 

 na, an over-ripe olive]. The substance forming the 

 stony concretions of pears. 



Glycogen (gli'-ko-jen) [yAvuvq, sweet ; yevvav, to pro- 

 duce], C 6 H 10 O 5 . A white, amorphous powder, taste- 

 less and odorless, forming an opalescent solution with 

 water, and insoluble in alcohol. It is commonly known 

 as animal-starch. It occurs in the blood and the liver, 

 by which it is elaborated, and is changed by diastasic 

 ferments into glucose. See Carbohydrates, Table of. 



Glycogenesis {gli-ko-jen' '-es-is) [yAvuvq, sweet ; yev- 

 eoiq, production]. The formation of sugar in the animal 

 economy, whether normal or pathologic. 



Glycogenic ( gli-ko-jen' -ik) [yAvuvq, sweet; yeveaiq, 

 production]. Pertaining to glycogen or to glycogen- 

 esis. 



Glycogeny (gli-koj'-en-e) [yAvniiq, sweet ; yeveaiq, pro- 

 duction]. The normal production of glycogen. 



Glycohemia (gli-ko-Ae' '-me-ah) [yAwc&f, sweet ; al/ua, 

 blood]. The presence of sugar in the blood, espe- 

 cially its presence in excessive quantity ; glycemia. 



Glycol (gli'-kol) [yAvuvq, sweet; alcohol]. A diva- 

 lent alcohol ; a compound intermediate in its proper- 

 ties and chemic relations between monohydric alcohol 

 and trihydric glycerol. The glycols are neutral, thick 

 liquids. The solubility of a compound in water in- 

 creases according to the accumulation of OH groups in 

 it, and it will be correspondingly less soluble in alcohol 

 and especially in ether. There will also be an appreci- 

 able rise in the boiling-temperature, while at the same 

 time the body acquires a sweet taste, inasmuch as there 

 occurs a gradual transition from the hydrocarbons to 

 the sugars. In accord with this, the glycols have a 

 sweetish taste, are readily soluble in water, slightly 

 soluble in ether, and boil at a much higher point 

 (loo° C.) than the corresponding monohydric alcohols. 

 They contain two hydroxyl groups united to different 

 carbon atoms. 



Glycolamid (gli-koF-am-id) [y'Avuvq, sweet; amid], 

 C 2 H 5 N0 2 . A substance crystallizing in needles that 

 melt at 120 C. ; it possesses a sweet taste, and dis- 

 solves easily in water, but with difficulty in alcohol. 



Glycollic Acid {gli-kol'-ik). See Acid. 



Glycoluric Acid {gli-kol-u'-rik). See Acid. 



Glycolysis i^gli-koV-is-is) [yAvuvq, sweet; Avciq, dis- 

 solution]. The process of decomposition into glycols. 



Glyconin, Glyconon {gli'-ko-nin, -on) [yAvuvq, sweet]. 

 The Glyceritum vitelli of the U. S. Ph. It is a mixture 

 of yolk of egg 45, and glycerin 55. 



Glyco-polyuria (gli-ko-pol-e-u'-re-ah) [y2.vnvq, sweet ; 

 noAvq , much ; ovpov, urine] . Bouchardat' s term for dia- 

 betes, attended with a moderate quantity of sugar in the 

 urine and with an increase of lithic acid in the blood. 



Glycosamin (gli-kos'-am-in). See Chitin. 



Glycoses (gli-ko'-sez). Same as Glucoses, q. v. 



Glycosometer {gli-ko-som f -et-er) [yAvuvq, sweet ; fiir- 

 pov, a measure] . An instrument for use in the esti- 

 mation of the percentage of sugar in diabetic urine. 



Glycosuria {gli-ko-su'-re-ali) [yAvuvq, sweet; ovpov, 

 urine]. The presence of grape-sugar in the urine. 

 See Diabetes. G., Tests for. See Boettger's, Feh- 

 ling'sj Glycerin-cupric, Indigo-carmin, Pavy's, Picro- 

 saccharimeter, Phenyl- hydrazin, Roberts' Differential 

 Density, Saccharometer, Trotnmer's, and others in 

 Tests, Table of. G., Hepatic, a temporary glycosuria 

 due to excessive formation of glycogen in the liver. G., 

 Irritative, that produced by irritation of the diabetic 

 center on the floor of the fourth ventricle. G., Para- 

 lytic, that produced by dividing the anterior columns 

 of the spinal cord at the level of the fourth cervical 

 vertebra. 



Glycuronic Acid {gli-ku-ron'-ik). See Acid. 



Glycyrrhea (gli-sir-e'-ah) [yAvxvq, sweet ; pelv, to flow]. 

 Any discharge of glucose from the body. Glycyr- 

 rhcea urinosa. Synonym of Diabetes mellitus. 



Glycyrrhetin (gli-sir-e'-titi^y'Avitvq, sweet ; pi r a, root], 

 C ]8 H 26 4 . An amorphous bitter substance in liquorice- 

 root. 



Glycyrrhiza (gli-sir-i'-zah) [y'Avuvq, sweet; p;{,a, root: 

 gen., Glycyrrhizce]. Liquorice-root. The root of G. 

 glabra, a demulcent and mild laxative, of sweet taste. 

 In combination with other medicaments it is an excel- 

 lent expectorant, and is much used as an excipient in 

 pills, troches, etc. G., Ext., the liquorice of com- 

 merce, occurring in black rolls. G., Ext., Liquid 

 (B.P.). Dose 3J-ij. G., Ext., Purum, made with 

 aqua ammoniae and water by percolation and evapora- 

 tion. G., Ext., Fid., prepared with water and alco- 

 hol. G., Mist., Comp., Brown mixture, pure extract, 

 sugar, acacia, aa 3 parts, tinct. opii camph. 12, vin. 

 antimonii 6, spt. nitrous ether 3, water 70. Dose 3J 

 -Sjss. G. etOpii, Trochisci, have each ext. of glycyr- 

 rhiza, gr. ij, ext. of opium gr. ■£$, acacia, sugar, oil of 

 anise q. s. Dose j-ij. G., Pulv., Comp., compound 

 licorice-powder, senna 18, glycyrrhiza 23, oil of fennel 



4, washed sulphur 8, sugar 50. 

 Glycyrrhizin {gli-sir-i/-zin). See Glycyrrhizinum. 

 Glycyrrhizinum (glis-ir-iz-i' '-nur/i) [yAtrnvq, sweet ; 



/»'£«, root: gen., Glycirrhizini]. A sweet principle 

 derived from liquorice-root. G. ammoniatum (U. 



5. P.), ammoniated glycyrrhizin, a sweet preparation 

 used as a substitute for liquorice. Dose gr. v-xv. 



Glyoxal (gli-oks'-al) [yAvuvq, sweet; bijaAiq, sorrel], 

 C 2 H 2 2 . A substance formed by oxidizing acetalde- 

 hyd with HN0 3 . It is an amorphous non-volatile 

 mass that deliquesces in the air, and is soluble in al- 

 cohol and in ether. 



Glyoxalin (gli-oks'-al-in) [yAvuvq , sweet ; bl-aliq, sor- 

 rel], C 3 H 4 N 2 . A substance produced by the action 

 of ammonia upon glyoxal. It is easily soluble in 

 water, alcohol and ether, and crystallizes in brilliant 

 prisms, melting at 89 C. and boiling at 255 C. 



Glyoxim (gli-oks' '-im\ [yAvuvq, sweet], C 2 H 4 N 2 2 . A 

 compound produced by the action of hydroxylamin 

 upon trichlorlactic acid. It is soluble in water, alco- 

 hol, and ether; crystallizes in rhombic plates ; melts at 

 178 C. ; sublimes without difficulty ; has a faintly acid 

 reaction, and forms salts with bases. 



Glyoxylic Acid (gli-oks-il'-ik). See Acid. 



Gmelin's Test. Same as Gmelin-Heintz Reaction. 



Gmelin-Heintz Reaction. A test for bile-pigments 

 in the urine. See Tests, Table of . 



Gmelina (mel'-in-ah) [after Gmelin, a Russian scien- 

 tist]. A genus of verbenaceous shrubs and trees. In 

 India, G. arborea, G. asiatica, G. parvifolia, G. 

 villosa, and other species, are employed in catarrhal 

 disorders and in fevers and rheumatism. Unof. 



Gnaphalium (naf-a'-lc-um). See Life-everlasting. 



Gnat (not) [ME.,^«<a g nat ]- ^ dipterous insect, 

 the Culex pipiens, differing but slightly from the com- 

 mon mosquito, with which it is popularly confounded. 

 The "bite " consists in a piercing of the skin and the 

 withdrawal of a minute quantity of blood. The gnat 

 has no sting or poison-glands. 



Gnathalgia (ndth-aT-fe-ah) [yvaOoq, jaw ; a/yoq, pain]. 

 Pain or neuralgia of the jaw. 



Gnathankylosis {n&th-ang-kil-o'-sis) [yvatbq, jaw; 

 aynhluotq, ankylosis]. Ankylosis of the jaw. 



Gnathic {nd/li'-ih) [yv66oq, the check bone]. Per- 

 taining to the cheek or jaw. G. Index. See Alveo- 

 lar and Judex. 



Gnathidium (na/h-id'-e-um) [yvadoq, jaw : //. , Gnath- 

 /,1/a]. In biology, one of the rami of the lower 

 mandible of a bird. 



