GXATHION 



527 



GOLD 



Gnathion {ndth' '-e-on) . See Craniometric Points. 



Gnathite (nath' -it} [yvddor, the jaw]. In biology, 

 one of the jaw-feet of an arthropod ; a gnathopodite. 



Gnathitis (nath-i' -tis) [yvdOoq, jaw; irir, inflamma- 

 tion]. Inflammation of the jaw or cheek. 



Gnathogramma (ndtho-gram'-ah) [yvddoc, jaw, 

 cheek; ypa/ifia, line]. Jadelot's genal line. See 

 Jadelof s Lines ox Furrows. 



Gnathoneuralgia (ndth-o-nu ral' '-je-ak) [yvadoc, jaw ; 

 vevpov, a nerve ; a/.yor, pain] . See Gnathalgia. 



Gnathoparalysis (ndth-o-par-al' -is-is) [yvadoc, jaw ; 

 voiq, paralysis]. Paralysis of the jaw. 



Gnathoplasty (ndth'-o-plas-tc) [yvadoc, cheek; ~'/ac- 

 attv, to shape]. Plastic surgery of the cheek. 



Gnathoplegia ( nath-o-ple 1 '-je-ah ) [yvddoq, cheek ; 

 -///;//, stroke]. Paralysis of the cheek. 



Gnathopodite \ndth-op / -o-dit) [yvdOor, jaw; ^ovr, 

 foot]. Same as Gnathite. 



Gnathorrhagia (ndth-or-a'-je-ah) [yvddoq, the cheek; 

 ivai, to burst forth]. Hemorrhage from the 

 mucous membrane of the cheek. 



Gnathoschisis (udth-os'-kis-is) [yvddoc, jaw ; axK^v, 

 to split]. Cleft-jaw. 



Gnathospasmus (ndth-o-spaz' -mus) [yrddor, jaw ; 

 ./do, spasm]. Locked jaw; trismus. 



Gnathostegite {nath-os' '-tej-it) [yvddog, jaw ; orb/or, 

 roof]. In biology, the cover to the mouth-parts of a 

 crustacean formed by the expansion of parts of the 

 third thoracic limbs. 



Gnomonic (no-mon'-ik) [yvitfiuv, a carpenter's square]. 

 In biology, bent at right angles. 



Gnoscopin (nos'-ko-pin), C u W Z6 ls. ! O n . A crystalline 

 alkaloid of opium, melting at 233 C. 



Goa Ball, or Goa Stone [Goa, in Portugal]. A mass 

 of drugs made up into a large bolus, from which 

 enough for a dose is scraped as needed; it is said to 

 have originated at Goa. G. Powder. See Ara- 

 roba. 



Goadby's Solution. A solution of salt and corrosive 

 sublimate in water, for preserving meat against putre- 

 faction. 



Goanese Ipecacuanha (go-an-ez' ip-e-kak-u-an'-ah). 

 See iVaregamia. 



Goat's-voice (gotz'-vois). See E^opkony. 



Goblet Cells. Chalice-like cells lying between the epi- 

 thelial cells of the intestinal villi. 



Goddard's Astringent Gargle. An astringent gargle 

 composed of alum 2 drams, pomegranate bark ]/% 

 ounce, red rose petals I dram, honey 1 ounce, boiling 

 water 6 ounces. 



Godfrey's Cordial. A non-official preparation of 

 opium containing from half a grain to a grain and a 

 half of opium to the ounce. 



Goggle-eyed (gog / -l-id) [ME. , goggleyed~\. A vulgar 

 synonym of Exophthalmos and of Strabismus. 



Goggles {gog'-lz) [ME., gogelen, to look asquint]. 

 Spectacles with colored lenses and wire or cloth sides, 

 to protect the eyes from excessive light, dust, etc. 



Gogo [go* -go) [African]. The rhizome of Phrynium 

 beaumctzii , a marantaceous plant indigenous to 

 the western coast of Africa. It is a powerful vermi- 

 fuge and purgative. It is used in the form of a de- 

 coction, 3 ijss to the Oj. Unof. 

 Gogul {go' -gul) [Beng. or Hind.]. A name for 

 various balsamic resins, the product of Asiatic trees 

 of the genus Balsamodendron : it is sometimes classed 

 as Elemi, and also as Bdellium. 

 Goiter {goi'-ter) \_guttur, throat]. Enlargement, par- 

 ticularly if hypertrophic, of the thyroid gland. It is 

 called, also, Bronchocele and Tracheocele. It gener- 

 ally accompanies cretinism. G., Anemic. Synonym 

 of G., Exophthalmic. G., Exophthalmic, Basedow's 



Disease, Graves' Disease. A disease characterized 

 by cardiac palpitation, goiter, exophthalmos, tremor, 

 palpitation usually being the initial symptom ; the pulse 

 ranges from 90 to 120. Occasionally the exophthal- 

 mos is so extreme as to produce spontaneous disloca- 

 tion of one or both eyes. There are present Graefe's 

 lid-sign, namely, inability of the upper lid to follow 

 perfectly the downward movement of the eye ; and, 

 usually, Stellwag's sign, viz., apparent widening of 

 the palpebral aperture, due to retraction of the upper 

 lid. The disease is usually encountered in women ; its 

 course is chronic, and the ultimate outcome recovery. 

 Death, however, occasionally results. The etiology 

 is obscure, but the disease occurs frequently in those 

 of the neurotic habit. The theories proposed for the 

 explanation of exophthalmic goiter may be placed in 

 three divisions: I. The cardio-vascular theories, 

 which locate the seat of the disease in the heart it- 

 self, the vessels, and the blood. 2. The mechanical 

 theories, which connect the symptoms with compres- 

 sion of vessels or nerves in the neck by a primarily 

 hypertrophied thyroid. 3. The nervous theories, 

 which attribute the disease to disturbance in the 

 vagus nerve, in the sympathetic nerve itself, 

 or in the central nervous system proper. G., Pulsat- 

 ing. Synonym of G., Exophthalmic. G. -stick, the 

 coarse stem of certain kinds of sea-weed (Sargassum 

 bacciferum, etc.), used in various places as a cure for 

 goiter. 



Goitrous (goi'-irus) [guttur, throat]. Pertaining to 

 or affected with goiter. 



Gokeroo {gook / -er-oo). See Gokhru. 



Gokhru {gok'-ru) [E. Indian]. Gokeroo. The fruit of 

 Pedalium m u rex, found in the East Indies, much used 

 by the natives for enuresis and spermatorrhea. It is 

 used in infusion of Jj to Oj of boiling water. Dose 

 ad lib. Unof. 



Gold [ME. , gold, gold]. See Aurum. G., Bichlorid of, 

 so-called, has been vaunted in the treatment of drunk- 

 enness and the opium-habit. The compounds of chlorin 

 and gold are the monochlorid and the trichlorid. 

 G.-beaters' Cramp. See Cramp. G. -beaters' Skin, 

 a thin membrane prepared from the cecum of the 

 ox for gold-beaters' use. It has a limited use in 

 surgery. G., Annealing of, the softening of gold 

 by means of heat, to reduce the hardness caused by 

 the mechanical forces to which it has been subjected 

 in its manufacture. See Annealing. G. -brown. 

 Same as Phenylene-brmvn. G. Cinnabar. Same 

 as Minium. G. Crowns, portions of the natural 

 crowns of teeth capped with gold, thereby restoring 

 the contour. G.-foil, Dentists' (aurum foliatum), 

 gold-leaf. Gold-foil, as used by dentists for filling 

 teeth, is gold hammered into a thin leaf, but finer 

 in quality and of much greater thickness than the 

 article ordinarily known as gold-leaf. G. -ochre. 

 Same as Ochre. G. -orange, an anilin dye employed 

 by Unna for staining lepra-bacilli and tubercle- 

 bacilli. See Stains, Table of, and Pigments, Conspec- 

 tus of. G. -plate, for dental uses, may be made by 

 the following formulas : — 



i8-Karat Gold-plate. 



Gold i8dwt. 



Silver 2 " 



Copper, 4 " 



20-Karat Gold-plate. 



Gold coin 20 dwt. 



Silver, 2 " 



Copper, 2 " 



G. of Pleasure. See Camelina. G. -purple. Same 

 as Cassius' Purple. G. -solder, gold alloyed with one 

 or more metals. The following table exhibits the rela- 



