HVDROBROMATE 



581 



HYDROCARBON 



Hydrobromate [hi-dro-brcZ-mdi) [idup, water; fipimoc, 

 a stench]. A basic salt of hydrobromic acid. 



Hydrobromic (hi-dro-bro' -mik) \ydup, water; ppu/wg, 

 stench]. Composed of hydrogen and bromin. H. 

 Acid. See Acid, Hydrobromic. H. Ether, C 2 H 5 Br. 

 Bromid of ethyl. A colorless, translucent liquid, with 

 a neutral reaction, ethereal smell, and a pungent, 

 sweet taste ; its specific gravity is 1. 4733 ; it boils at 

 104 F. (40. 7 C), and burns with difficulty with a 

 green, smokeless flame. It is prepared by distilling 

 alcohol with either bromin, hydrobromic acid, or bromid 

 of phosphorus. It is only slightly soluble in water, 

 but freely so in ether or alcohol. It is used as an 

 anesthetic. See Anesthetic. 



Hydrobromid [hi-dro-bro / -mid). Same as Hydrobro- 

 mate. 



Hydrocaffeic Acid {hi-dro-kaf-e* '-ik). See Acid. 



Hydrocarbon (hi-dro-kar* '-bori) [wJup, water ; carbo, 

 charcoal]. A name applied to any one of a multitude 

 of compounds composed mainly of hydrogen and car- 

 bon, but also under certain conditions containing other 

 elements as substitution-products. The possibilities 

 of the number of such compounds may be seen in the 

 following series, perhaps the simplest, carbon, C, being 

 a tetrad, and requiring four monad atoms to saturate 

 its quantivalence : — 



In either of these one or more 

 atoms of hydrogen may be 

 replaced by other atoms or radi- 

 cles without altering the struc- 

 ture of the compound. 

 It will be noticed thai the members of the series differ 

 by CH, in the present case. The various members of 

 the Fat-series are usually indicated as follows : — 

 Paraffin Series, CnH 2n + ,, ^ in which n stands for any 

 Olefins, C,H 2I1 , v number of carbon atoms. 



Acetylenes, C,H 2n _„, J Thus, if n = 3, the corre- 



sponding member of the Paraffin series would be 

 CjHji, etc. All the hydrocarbons are inflammable. 

 They occur in nature as marsh-gas (fire-damp) , natural 

 gas, naphtha, petroleum, asphaltum, ozocerite, etc., in 

 a multitude of forms. They, with their derivatives, 

 form the subject-matter of organic chemistry. A 

 Table of the Hydrocarbons is appended. 



TABLE OF HYDROCARBONS. 



1. PARAFFINS (ETHANES), CnHfti + l. 



Methane, CH 4 . 

 Ethane, CjH 6 . 

 Propane, C 3 H g . 

 Butane, C 4 H J0 . 

 Pentane, C 5 H 12 . 



TABLE OF HYDROCARBONS.— Continued. 

 1. PARAFFIN'S (ETHANES).— Continued. 



Name. 



z 



- - 

 in 2 



Decane, 



C10H; 



Liquid 



S- 



-3* 



53 



-1 



u — 



- i z 

 --■- 



- _ 

 7< 



Pentadecane, . C^Hj. Liquid + io° 



Hexdecane, 



CisHa 



Solid 



- Of 



Hepdecane, 



CijHas i Solid 4- 22 5 .= 



Octdecane, 



CicH 3 



Solid 



Nondecane, 



C;..H t Solid 



32° 



Eicosane, ... 1 CjoH 4S 



Solid 



36.7° 



Heneicosane, . C21H44 Solid 



Heptacosane, . ' C s Hj( Solid i 59 5° 5 



Octcosane, 



CfflHsg Solid 



Noncosane, . . ' C S H W 



Hentriacon- 

 tane 



C:-H I 



Solid 



Solid 



68.1° 



Dotriacontane, j CaaH« ' Solid 



Pentatriacon- 

 tane 



CasH; 



Hexacontane, | C«Hut 



Solid 



Solid 



74-7° 



I02° 



2. ALKYLENS (OLEFINS), CnHin. 

 Methylene, . . CH 2 Does not exist in the free state. 



