INOSINIC ACID 



615 



INSANITY 



sinic Acid (in-o sin'-ik). An ammonium derivative 

 from muscle, of unknown constitution, 

 sis (in-i/sis). See Inogenesis. 

 site {in'-osit) [if, fiber], C 6 H J2 6 4- 2 H 2 0. A 

 ccharine substance occurring sparingly in the human 

 body, especially in the muscles. It also occurs in 

 diabetic urine and in the urine of chronic nephritis. 

 It is found in abundance in the vegetable kingdom, 

 rticularly in unripe beans. It forms large efflor- 

 cent crystals (rhombic tables) ; in microscopic pre- 

 tions it is usually obtained in tufted lumps of fine 

 stals. It is readily soluble in water, but insoluble 

 absolute alcohol and ether, 

 situria (in-osit-u'-re-ah) [if, fiber ; ovpov, urine]. 

 The presence of inosite in the urine. 

 Inosteatoma (in-oste-at-o'-mah) [*f, fiber ; creap, fat ; 

 bua, tumor: pi. , Inosteatomatd\. A steatoma with 

 fibrous elements. 

 Inosuria [in-osu' -re-ah). See Inosituria. 

 Inotagmata (in-o-lag' -mat-ah) [if (Iv), strength, force; 

 ta, a regular arrangement, as of soldiers]. In 

 iology, Engelmann"s name for hypothetic, contractile 

 lements that generate the force of protoplasmic 

 otion ; they are held to be uniaxial and doubly 

 fractive ; also written Isotagmaia. 

 est (in'-kiasst) [inquesita ; in, into ; quarere, to 

 i]. A judicial inquiry. I., Coroner's, an inquiry 

 concerning the cause of the death of one who has 

 died by violence or in some sudden or unknown way. 

 Inquiline {in' -kwil-in) [L., inquilinus. an inhabitant 

 of a place that is not his own]. In biology, a com- 

 mensal or messmate ; an animal inhabiting an abode 

 that it does not produce. 

 Inquination (in-kivin-a' 'shun') [inqninatio, pollution]. 



Pollution ; infection ; corruption. 

 Inquisition (in-kwiz-ish'-un) [inquisitio, an inquiry]. 

 The inquiry or hearing before a jury or commission 

 concerning the sanity or lunacy of a criminal or a 

 person charged with crime. 

 Insaccation (insak-a' shun) [in, in; saccus, sac]. 



Encystment ; enclosure in a sac. 

 Insalivation (insal-iv-a' shun) \_in, in ; saliva, the 

 spittle]. The mixture of the food with saliva during 

 mastication. 

 Insalubrity (insal-n' -brit-e) [in, not; salubris, whole- 

 some]. Unwholesomeness of air or of climate. 

 Insanability insan-ab-il' -it-e) [in, not; sanabilis, 

 curable]. Incurableness ; the quality or state of 

 being incurable. 

 Insane (insdn') [in, not ; santts, sound]. Deranged 



or diseased in mind. I. Ear. See Hematoma auris. 

 Insaniola (insan-i' '-o-lali) [dim. of insania, insanity]. 



ight or minor degree of insanity. 

 Insanitary {insan'-it-a-re) [in, not; sanitas, health], 

 -anitary ; not in a proper condition as respects the 

 preservation of health (said of houses, buildings, and 

 their surroundings). 

 Insanitation (insan-it-a'shun) [in, not ; sanitas, 

 health]. Lack of proper sanitary conditions ; defect 

 of sanitation. 

 Insanity {insan'-it-e) [insanitas, insanity]. A de- 

 rangement or abnormal condition of the mental facul- 

 ties, with or without loss of volition and of conscious- 

 ness. Insanity may be due to defective development, 

 to acquired disease, or to natural decay. It is char- 

 acterized, according to its form, by a variety of symp- 

 toms, the most common of which are change of char- 

 acter and habits, moroseness, confusion, elation, 

 melancholy, mania, delusions, and hallucinations. 

 The psychotic tendency is the chief predisposing cause, 

 and on this some one of the many exciting causes will 

 act and result in the final break-down. The vast 



majority of cases of insanity occur between the ages 

 of twenty-five and forty -five. Melancholia, mania, 

 delusional insanity, and dementia are the four principal 

 types of the affection. According to Krafft-Ebing, in- 

 sanity may be divided into two great groups, accord- 

 ing as the disorder is the result of a disturbance of the 

 developed brain or of an arrest of brain-development. 

 He places insanity ordinarily so-called under the first 

 head ; his subdivisions are as follows : — 



A. Mental affections of the developed brain. 



I. Psychoneuroses. 



1. Primary curable conditions. 



a. Melancholia 



a. Melancholia passiva. 

 0. Melancholia attonita. 



b. Mania. 



a. Maniacal exaltation. 

 0. Maniacal frenzy. 



c. Stupor. 



2. Secondary incurable states. 



a. Secondary monomania. 



b. Terminal dementia. 



a. Dementia agitata. 

 0. Dementia apathetica. 

 II. Psychic degenerative states. 



a. Constitutional affective insanity (folie raison- 



ante). 



b. Moral insanity. 



c. Primary monomania. 



a. With delusions. 



aa. Of a persecutory tinge. 



00. Of an ambitious tinge. 

 0. With imperative conceptions. 



d. Insanities transformed from the constitutional 



neuroses. 

 a. Epileptic. 

 0. Hysteric. 

 y. Hvpochondriac. 



e. Periodic insanity. 



III. Brain diseases with predominating mental symp- 

 toms. 



a. Paralytic dementia. 



b. Cerebral syphilis. 



c. Chronic alcoholism. 



d. Senile dementia. 



e. Acute delirium. 



B. Mental results of arrested brain-development : idiocy 



and cretinism. 



I., Acquired, that arising after a long period of life 

 of mental integrity. I., Alcoholic, that induced by 

 alcoholic excess, usually a result of hereditary tenden- 

 cies. I., Alternating. See /., Circular. I., Cir- 

 cular, cyclothymia ; alternating insanity ; a form of 

 insanity recurring in cycles varying in length from a 

 few days to many months. The arrangement of the 

 cycle varies in different individuals, but is constant in 

 a given case. Thus melancholia may be followed by 

 mania, and this by a lucid interval, the passage from 

 one mental condition to the other being abrupt or gradual. 

 I., Climacteric, insanity occurring at or near the 

 menopause. I., Communicated, that transmitted by 

 association with an insane person. I., Confusional, 

 stuporous insanity; delusional stupor; mania hallu- 

 cinatoria ; surgical insanity ; puerperal mania ; post- 

 febrile insanity ; an acute insanity produced by nervous 

 shock or exhausting disease, without distinct constant 

 emotional depression or exaltation, with marked fail- 

 ure of mental power or complete imbecility, often 

 accompanied by hallucinations and loss of physical 

 power. Recover)' is usually complete. I., Doubting, 

 a form of melancholia according to Regis, but accord- 

 ing to others a psycho- convulsive mental disease 

 closely allied to delusional insanity, which consists in an 

 uncontrollable doubt and indecision regarding the oc- 

 cupations, duties, or events of the day, of religion, etc. 

 I., Epidemic, a form occasionally manifested among 

 a number of people in common association, as in con- 

 vents or schools. I., Febrile, a maniacal form, occa- 

 sionally occurring in the course or as a sequel of acute 

 inflammation or fever. I., Hereditary, that trans- 

 mitted from parent to child, and not induced by other 



