KIDNEY 



642 



KIDNEY 



of an outer cortical substance , and an inner medullary 

 substance. In biology, the term is applied to the " con- 

 tractile vacuole" of a protozoan, the "segmental 

 organ "or " nephridium " of an annelid, the " glandu- 

 lar organ " of a nematode worm, the " Malpighian 

 tubules " and " shell-gland" of an arthropod, and the 

 " organ of Bojanus " of amollusc. K., Aching, a mild 

 subacute nephritis characterized by pain, anemia, 

 albuminuria, and irritability of the bladder, with ex- 

 acerbations at menstrual periods. K., Amyloid, that 

 of amyloid degeneration. K., Arterio-sclerotic, the 

 small, sometimes granular organ characterized by 

 arterio-sclerosis. K., Branny, applied to the bran- 

 like appearance of the kidney seen in the early stages 

 of chronic parenchymatous nephritis, due to fatty de- 

 generation occurring in spots. K., Bright's Disease 

 of. See Bright's Disease. K., Calices of, six to twelve 

 membranous canals surrounding the papillae of the kid- 

 ney, and opening into the three infundibulse. K. , Cica- 

 tricial, the final result of the so-called "surgical kid- 

 ney."' It is produced by the absorption of the ab- 



DlAGRAM SHOWING THE RELATION BORNE BY THE BLOOD- 

 VESSELS to the Tubules of the Kidney. 



The upper half corresponds to the cortical, the lower half to 

 the medullary part of the organ. The plain tubes are shown 

 separately on the right, and the vessels on the left. The 

 darkly shaded arteries send off straight branches to the 

 pyramids and larger interlobular branches to the glomeruli, 

 the efferent vessels of which form the plexus around the 

 convoluted tubes. 



scesses and the formation of cicatrices, and by the still 

 further contraction of the increased interstitial tissue. 

 The kidney is small, irregular, and fibrous. K., Cir- 

 rhotic. Same as K., Arteriosclerotic, q. v. K., 

 Contracted. Same as K., Arterio-sclerotic, q. v. 

 K., Embolic Contracted, one the seat of a scar 

 the result of an infarct. K., Fatty, one the seat 

 of extensive fatty degeneration. K., Floating, 

 one susceptible of displacement over a considerable 

 extent of the abdomen. This condition is more 

 frequent in females, and in the majority of cases 

 is situated on the right side. It has been sug- 

 gested that the term "floating kidney" be reserved 

 for those cases in which a distinct mesonephron is 

 present, and that all other cases be designated by the 

 term " movable kidney. " K., Gouty. Same as A"., 



Arterio-sclerotic, q. v. K., Granular. Same as A!, 

 Arterio-sclerotic, q. v. K., Head, the pronephron. 

 K., Hilum of. See Hilum. K., Hobnail. Same 

 as K. , Arterio-sclerotic, q. v. K., Horseshoe, a con- 

 genital deformity in which the two kidneys are joined 

 together, generally at the lower, but occasionally at 

 the upper end, by a connecting band, composed either 

 of true renal substance or of firm fibrous tissue. K., 

 Lardaceous. Same as K., Amyloid, q. 7>. K., 

 Large Mottled, that of parenchymatous nephritis, 

 mottled with gray patches. K., Large Red, the 

 kidney of Bright's Disease extravasated with blood. 

 K., Large White, one affected with lardaceous de- 

 generation ; also, that of the advanced stage of 

 chronic parenchymatous nephritis. K., Microcystic, 

 one containing many small cysts. K., Movable. 

 See K. , Floating. K. of Pregnancy, is described as 

 an anemic kidney with fatty infiltration of the epithelial 

 cells, but without any acute or chronic inflamma- 

 tion, occurring in pregnant women. It is possibly due 

 to a diminution of the blood-supply from tonic con- 

 traction of the renal arteries, produced by the pres- 

 ence of effete matter in the blood. Albumin is found 

 in the urine. K., Palpable. See K. , Floating. K., 

 Pelvis of, the funnel-shaped expansion or dilated 

 portion of the ureter formed by the junction of the 

 infundibula. K., Pigback, a name proposed for the 

 large congested kidney found in alcoholics. K. -plant, 

 the Baccharis pilularis. K., Primordial, the meso- 



Bowman's Capsule and Glomerulus. 

 Vas afferens. e Vas efferens. c Capillary network of the 



cortex, k. Endothelium of the capsule, h. 

 voluted tubule. (Landois.) 



Origin of a con- 



nephron. K., Red Contracted. Same as A'. . 

 sclerotic, q. v. K.-root, the root and lower part oi til 

 stem of Baccharis pilularis ; used in cystitis. 

 K., Scrofulous, one affected with tuberculous dis- 

 ease, in which the kidney-substance is largely de- 

 stroyed, nothing being left but a sac with thickened 

 fibrous walls, filled with a yellow creamy or putty-Hl 

 material containing fatty masses, cholesterin, tubercu- 

 lous debris, and occasionally calcareous matter. K., 

 Sigmoid, a congenital anomaly intermediate between 

 the horseshoe form and complete fusion. K., Small 

 Red Granular. Same as A"., Arterio- sclerotic, </■ ' 

 K., Small White, the final stage of the large white 

 kidney after loss of its substance from atrophy or <h 

 generation. K., Spotted. Same as A../ 

 tied. K., Surgical, a name sometimes given I 

 nephritis, or distention of the kidney attended with 

 inflammation, abscesses of the cortex, and retention 

 of urine mixed with fetid pus. K., Syphilitic. 

 one presenting either gummata or resulting 



