KNIFE 



retention of an excess of fluid in the eye, from closure 

 of the canal leading through the pectinate ligament 

 into Schlemm's canal. 



Knife (nif) [ME., knif, knife]. An instrument for 



cutting. In surgery, knives are of various shapes and 



-, according to their use. K. -needle, a needle 



with a cutting edge, used in the discission of cataracts. 



Knitter's Cramp [nW-erz kramp). See Cramp. 



Knitting (nit'-ing) [ME., knitten, to knit]. The 

 union and becoming rigid of a fracture. 



Knob (nob) [ME., knobbe, a knob]. A protuberance. 

 K.-root. See Collinsonia canadensis. 



Knock-knee (nok'-ne). See Genu valgum. 



Knoppern (knop / -ern) [Ger.]. Galls from immature 

 acorns of several species of oak, largely used in Aus- 

 tria for tanning. They contain from twenty-eight to 

 thirty-five per cent, of tannin. 



Knot (not) [WE. , knotte, a knot]. An interlacement of 

 or parts of one or more cords or threads so that 

 cannot be readily separated. K., Clove-hitch, 

 consisting of two single, contiguous loops, the 



645 KOCH'S APPARATUS 



the primitive streak. K., Reef, a knot so formed that 

 the ends come out alongside of the standing parts and 

 the knot does not jam. It is also called Square 

 Knot. K., Sailor's. Same as K, Reef. K., Square. 

 Same as K, Reef. K., Staffordshire, a knot used 

 in ligating the pedicle in ovariotomy. The ligature 

 is passed through the pedicle, and withdrawn so as to 

 leave a loop, which is passed over the tumor, and one 

 of the free ends is then drawn through the loop ; both 

 ends are then passed through the pedicle, tightened, 

 and tied. It is also called Ta/Ys Knot. K., Stay, a 

 term applied by Ballance and Edmunds, to a knot 

 formed by two or more ligatures in the following way : 

 On each ligature separately is made the first hitch of 

 a reef-knot, which is tightened so that the loop lies in 

 contact with the vessel, without constricting it; then 

 taking the two ends on one side together in one hand, 

 and the two ends on the other side in the other hand, 

 the vessel is constricted sufficiently to occlude it, after 

 which the reef-knot is completed. The simplest 

 method of completing the knot is to treat the two ends 

 in each hand as a single thread, and to tie them as if 



Clove-hitch Knot. 



Combined Surgeon's and Reef Knot. 



Staffordshire Knot. 



*■". Reef, or Sailor's Knot. 



free ends toward each other. It is used for making 

 extension in the reduction of dislocations. K.. Double. 

 Same as K, Friction. K., False. Same as K, 

 Granny. K., Friction, one in which the ends are 

 wound twice around each other before they are tied. 

 K.. Gerdy's Extension, resembles the clove-hitch ; it 

 is employed in making extension of the leg at the ankle. 

 K.. Granny, a tie of a cord in which in the second 

 k»p the end of one cord is over, and the other under 

 its fellow, so that the two loops do not lie in the same 

 hne. This knot may easily be converted into a slip- 

 knot. K. -grass : I. Arrhenatherum odoratum; 2. 

 Avena elatior ; 3. Hippuris vulgaris ; 4. Illecebrum ; 

 >- Polygonum ; 6. Triticum repens. K.. Hensen's, a 



ted point in the mammalian blastodermic vesicle at 

 which the formation of the primitive axis and notochor- 



al canal begins. It marks the anterior extremity of 





Surgeon's Knot. 



completing a single reef-knot. K., Surgical, a double 

 knot made by passing the thread twice through the 

 same loop. K., Tait's. See K, Staffordshire. K.- 

 weed, Centaurea nigra. See also Collinsonia cana- 

 densis. 



Knuckle (nuP-l) [ME., knokel, a knuckle or joint]. 

 Any one of the joints of the phalanges with the meta- 

 carpal bones or with each other ; also a loop of in- 

 testine. 



Knuckling (nuk f -Kng) [ME., knokel, a knuckle or 

 joint]. In farriery, a partial dislocation of the fetlock- 

 joint, in which the relative position of the pastern- 

 bone to the cannon and coronet bone is changed, the 

 pastern becoming more nearly perpendicular, with the 

 lower end of the cannon-bone resting behind the 

 center line of the suffraginis, while the lower end of 

 this bone rests behind the center line of the coronet 

 It is also called Cocked Ankles. 



Kobelt's Tubes. Blind tubes of the parovarium. 



Koch's Apparatus. An apparatus for air-analysis. K., 

 Bacillus of. See Bacteria, Synonymatu Table of. 



