LIFE 678 



Life ihf) [ME., lif, life]. The force or principle un- 

 derlying or causing the phenomena of organized 

 beings. The power by which an organism exists and 

 exercises self- movement in response to emotions or 

 sensations and adapts itself to its environment. L., 

 Animal, the functions depending directly on the 

 cerebro-spinal nervous system and the voluntary mus- 

 cles, as distinguished fromZ., Vegetative ; that is, the 

 functions of digestion, respiration, reproduction, etc. ; 

 L., Change of, that period in the life of a female at 

 which menstruation ceases ; the climacteric period. 

 L., Duration of. See Probable. L. Everlasting ; 

 Cud-weed, the herbs Gnaphalium margaritaceum 

 and G. polycephalum , tonic, astringent, and anodyne. 

 They constitute a domestic remedy of some repute 

 in affections of the chest and bowels. Dose of a 

 decoction ad lib.; of the fld. ext. Tt\_xv-^j. Unof. 

 L., Expectation of, the average number of years 

 a person is expected to live, as calculated from 

 life-tables. The following table, taken from those 

 constructed by Dr. W. Ogle, of the English Registrar- 

 General's department, shows the average expecta- 

 tion of life at given ages, and also the number of 

 persons of each sex, among every million born at a 

 given time, who may be expected to be alive at the 

 end of each year after that. The figures are based 

 on the death-rates of the years 1871-80 : — 



LIFE 



Of 1,000,000 born, the num- 

 ber surviving at the end of 

 each year of life. 



Males. 



1,000,000 

 841,417 

 790,201 

 763,737 

 746,587 

 734,068 

 726,815 

 721,103 

 716,309 

 712,337 

 708.990 

 706,146 

 703,595 

 701,200 

 698,840 

 696,419 

 693,695 

 690,746 

 687,507 

 683,941 

 680,033 

 675,769 

 671,344 

 666,754 

 661,997 

 657,077 

 651,998 

 646,757 

 641,353 

 635,778 

 630,038 

 624,124 

 618,056 

 611,827 

 605,430 

 598,860 

 592,107 

 585,167 

 578,019 

 570,656 

 563.077 

 555,254 

 547,288 

 539.i6i 

 530,858 

 522,374 

 513,702 

 804.836 

 495,76i 



Females. 



1,000,000 

 871,266 

 820,480 

 793,359 

 775,427 

 762,622 

 755,713 

 750,276 

 745,631 

 741,727 

 738,382 

 735,405 

 732,697 

 730,122 

 727,571 

 724,956 

 722,084 

 718,993 

 715.622 

 711,946 



707,949 

 703,616 

 699,141 

 694,521 

 689,759 

 684,858 

 679,822 

 674,661 

 669,372 



663,959 

 658,418 

 652,747 

 646,957 

 641,045 

 635,003 

 628,842 

 622,554 

 616,144 

 609,599 

 602,924 

 596,113 

 589,167 

 582,104 



574,919 

 567,612 



560,174 

 552,602 

 544,893 

 537,043 



Mean after-lifetime 

 (expectation of life). 



Males. 



41-35 

 48.05 

 50.14 

 50.86 

 51-01 

 50.87 

 5038 

 49-77 

 49.10 



48-37 

 4760 

 46.79 

 45-96 

 45 11 

 4426 

 43-41 

 42.58 

 41.76 

 40.96 

 40.17 

 39-40 

 38.64 

 37-89 

 37-15 

 36.41 

 35-68 

 34-96 

 34-24 

 33-52 

 3281 

 32.10 

 31.40 

 30.71 

 30.01 



29-33 

 28.64 

 27.96 

 27.29 

 26.62 

 25.96 

 25-30 

 24.65 

 24.00 



23-35 

 22.71 

 22.07 



21-44 

 20.80 

 20.18 



Females. 



4462 

 50.14 

 5222 



52-99 



53-20 



53-08 



52.56 



51-94 



51-26 



50.53 



4976 



48.96 



48.13 



47-30 



4647 



45-63 



4481 



44.00 



43-41 



42-43 



41.66 



40.92 



40.18 



39-44 



38.71 



37-98 



37- 26 



36.54 



35-83 



35-II 



3441 



33 70 



33-oo 



32.30 



31-60 



3090 



30.21 



29.52 



28.83 



28.15 



27.46 



26.78 



26.10 



25-42 



24.74 



34.06 



33-38 



22.71 



2203 



L., Extra-uterine, post-natal existence. L., Fetal, 

 life of the fetus. L., Intra-uterine, life within ih 

 uterus. L., Mean Duration of, the expectation ol 

 life at birth. L,., Reproductive, L., Sexual, that 

 period of life during which the individual is capable ol 

 begetting or bearing offspring. L.-root, ragwort. Tin' 

 herb Senecio aureus gathered in flower ; an expecti 

 rant, diuretic, alterative, and tonic. It was I 

 used by the Indians as a vulnerary, and is a 

 remedy with eclectic practitioners. 1 )ose of a di 

 ad lib. ; of the fld. ext. rrixxx- 5jj ; of a strong tincture, 

 TT^viij-xx; of seneciti , its resinoid, gr. j-iij. L. -table, 

 a table constmcted to show the number and ages ol the 

 living, and the number and ages of the dying in 

 munity or society. Halley's Life-table, tli 

 English table, was constructed in the second hall of the 

 18th century, and suggested De Mowre's Ih] 

 Price's Northampton Life-table was used 

 Equitable Life Assurance Co., of New York, upon its 

 establishment in 1762. These tables were m 

 structed by acomparison of the deaths and the living »t 

 each age, but from the deaths only ; and as births and 

 deaths are not equal, and as migration also disturbs 

 the stability of population, these tables are rn>t 

 correct, as they overstate the mortality of young adults 



