LIVEDO 



700 



LOBAR 



in the eyelid, due to spasmodic action of the orbicu- 

 laris palpebrarum muscle. 



Livedo (liv-e'-do) [livere, to grow black]. Same as 

 Livor. 



Liver {liv'-er) [ME., liver, liver]. The largest gland 

 in the body, a part of the digestive tract, and situated 

 on the right side of the abdominal cavity, just below 

 the diaphragm. Its functions are: (i) the secretion 

 of bile ; (2) the formation of glycogen ; (3) the pro- 

 duction, at least at a certain period of development, of 



Inferior Surface of Liver. 

 I, 1. Left lobe. 2,2. Right lobe. 3. Quadrate lobe. 4. Cau- 

 date lobe. 5. Lobulusspigelii. 6. Hepatic artery. 7. Vena 

 portae. 8. Fibrous cord from obliteration of the ductus 

 venosus. 9. Gall-bladder. 10. Cystic duct. 11. Hepatic 

 duct. 12. Fissure for inferior vena cava. 13. Inferior 

 vena cava. 14. Mouth of capsular vein. 15. Left hepatic 

 vein. 16. Mouth of right diaphragmatic vein. 17. Mouth 

 of left diaphragmatic vein. 



blood-corpuscles; (4) the destruction of blood-cor- 

 puscles ; (5) the formation of a large quantity of urea ; 

 (6) the retention and destruction of certain poisonous 

 substances absorbed from the intestinal tract. Ana- 

 tomically, it consists of five lobes — the right, the left, 

 the lobus spigelii, the lobus quadratus, and the lobus 

 caudatus. These lobes are made up of lobules or 

 acini, and these again of hepatic cells, capillaries, 

 arteries and veins, lymphatics and biliary channels, 

 each lobule being surrounded by connective tissue. 

 The weight of the liver is between 50 and 60 ounces. 

 L., Albuminoid, or Amyloid, a liver the seat of 

 amyloid degeneration. L., Bacony. Same as L., 

 Amyloid. L., Bastard, the spleen. L., Beaver- 

 tail, a liver the left lobe of which in form resembles a 

 beaver's tail. L., Biliary Cirrhotic, a liver the seat 

 of chronic inflammation the result of obstruction 

 and distention of the bile-ducts. L.-blotches, liver- 

 patches; a vulgar term for the chloasmata of preg- 

 nancy, seen upon the brow and cheeks of the pregnant 

 woman. They may also be present at the menstrual 

 epochs and at the menopause. L., Bronze, a liver 

 discolored by excess of biliary pigment. L., Cir- 

 rhotic, a liver the seat of chronic inflammation, with 

 overgrowth of the connective tissue and atrophy of the 

 parenchyma. L. -clapping, in massage, strong per- 

 cussion of the liver with the full palm of the hand. 

 L. -cough, a reflex cough due to disease of the liver. 

 L., Degraded, the division of the human liver into an 

 unusual number of lobes, such as is normal in the go- 

 rilla. L., Drunkard's, usually, a cirrhotic liver. L., 

 Fatty, a liver with marked fatty infiltration and degen- 

 eration. L., Floating, a movable condition of the 

 liver, with displacement. L. -fluke. See Trematodes, 

 Distoma, and Parasites {Animal) , Table of L., Hob- 



nail. See Hobnail Liver. L., Gin-drinkers', or Gin, 

 atrophic cirrhosis of the liver. L., Granulated, or 

 Granular, a cirrhotic liver, with a granular surface, 

 owing to the contraction of the interlobular connec- 

 tive tissue. L., Laennec's Cirrhosis of, atrophic 

 cirrhosis of the liver. See Diseases, Table of. L.- 

 leaf. See Hepatica. L., Leukemic, a liver very 

 much increased in $ize on account of a diffuse infil- 

 tration with leukemic, or lymphoid, tissue. L., 

 Mammillated. See Hobnail Liver. L-, Movable! 

 See L., Floating. L., Nutmeg, a condition of the 

 liver met with in heart disease, fatty infiltration, and 

 amyloid disease. The surface of a section has a pecu- 

 liar, mottled appearance. The center of the lobules is 

 112 dark, the periphery lighter in color. L.-pad, a bag 

 | 15 or cushion stuffed with medicated materials and worn 

 • 13 u P on the . hypogastric region, for its supposed efficacy 

 in hepatic disease. L. -patches. See L.-blotches. 

 12 L., Pulsation of. See L. -pulse. L.-pulse, a sys- 

 tolic pulsation over the region of the liver in cases of 

 tricuspid regurgitation. L.-rot, disease in sheep due 

 11 to the presence in the bile-ducts of the liver of the 

 Distoma hepaticum or Liver-fluke. L.-spot, chlo- 

 asma ; pityriasis versicolor. L. -sugar. Synonym 

 of Glycogen. L. of Sulphur. See Llepar sulphu'ris. 

 L., Syphilitic, this may be a liver the seat of gum- 

 mata, which on healing leave scars, or of a diffuse in- 

 flammation that may lead to cirrhosis, with atrophy or, 

 especially in hereditary syphilis, to enlargement of 

 the liver. L., Tight-lace, a liver in which the right 

 lobe is thickened vertically from compression, marked 

 by the ribs, and atrophic from constant pressure by 

 tight stays. L., Wandering, a condition occasionally 

 seen in women who have given birth to many children, 

 and in those whose abdominal tissues exhibit unusual 

 laxity. The liver is displaced from its ordinary situa- 

 tion, and falls into the lower portion of the abdomen, 

 where it swings upon its elongated attachments. 

 L., Waxy. See L., Amyloid. L.-wort. See 

 Hepatica. 

 Livid {liv'-id) [lividus ; livere, to be dark]. Discol- 

 ored from the effects of congestion or contusion ; black 

 and blue ; pale lead-color. 

 Lividity (liv-id' -it-e) \_lividus, from livere, to be dark]. 

 The state of being livid. L., Cadaveric, or Post- 

 mortem, the bluish discoloration in the dependent 

 parts of a corpse, due to the gravitation of the blood. 

 Livor {li'-vor) \_livor ; livere, to be dark]. Lividity. 

 The discoloration consequent upon severe contusion 

 and congestion of a part ; post-mortem sugillation 

 or discoloration of the skin. L. emortualis, change 

 in the color of the skin of a corpse due to putrefaction. 

 L. febris, the lividity occurring during a chill. 

 Lix (liks) [L. : gen., Lids']. Wood-ashes, or the lye 



therefrom. 

 Lixivia {liks-iv' -e-ah) [L.]. Same as Lixivium. 

 Lixivial {liks-iv' '-e-al) [lixivia, lye]. Relating to 



lixiviation. 

 Lixiviation {liks-iv-e-a' -shuti) [lixivia, \ye]. The pro- 

 cess of leaching ashes. Also, the process of separat- 

 ing by solution any alkaline salt from the insoluble im- 

 purities with which it is mixed. 

 Lixivious {liks-iv' -e-us) [lixivia, lye]. Lixivial, q. v. 

 Lixivium {liks-iv' -e-unt) [lixivia, lye]. The filtral 

 tained by leaching ashes ; practically a solution ol 8H 

 impure potassium hydrate. 

 Lizard-tail {/iz'-ard-'tdl). See Saururus cernutti. 

 Loathing {Idth'-ing) [ME., loth, hateful]. Inti 



disgust, which may excite nausea. 

 Lobar {lo'-bar) [lobus, a lobe]. Pertaining to a lobe, 

 rather than to a lobule. L. Pneumonia. See Pneu- 

 monia, Croupous. 



