MURPHY'S BUTTON 



r93 



MUSCLE 



scapula. M., Subclavian, a murmur heard over 

 e subclavian arteries ; it is not uncommon in pul- 

 onary tuberculosis. M., Systolic, a murmur heard 

 during the systole of the heart. M ., Tracheal, a coarse 

 respirator) - murmur heard over the trachea. M., Tri- 

 cuspid, a murmur produced at the tricuspid valve. M., 

 Uterine, M., Utero-placental. See Souffle, Uterine. 

 M., Valvular, a heart-murmur due to some change 

 in a valve. M., Vascular, a hemic murmur heard in 

 the blood-vessels. M., Venous, the hum heard in 

 the veins of the neck, especially in anemia. See Bruit 

 de diable. M., Vesicular. See Vesicular. 



rphy's Button. A mechanical device for coap- 

 tating the visceral surfaces in the performance of cir- 

 cular enterorrhaphy, as well as the various intestinal an- 

 tomoses. It consists of two brass buttons or plates, 

 ach with a peripheral collar and a central hollow 

 em, the hollow stem of one being slightly smaller 

 than the other, so that it will readly slip within. These 

 uttons may be of various sizes, from three-quarters to 

 one and a quarter inches in diameter, and with central 

 penings of from one-quarter to one-half an inch. In 

 aking an anastomosis or enterorrhaphy, a puckering 

 r retaining suture is passed through all the coats 

 around each opening, and after the shoulder of half 

 the button is pushed through each of the openings the 

 uture is drawn taut, so as to prevent the viscus 

 receding from the button. Then the operation is com- 

 pleted by pressing the two halves together, a device on 

 the smaller stem retaining the buttons in apposition. 

 In a few days the buttons will be liberated by pressure- 

 necrosis and carried down the intestinal canal by the 

 natural peristalsis. M.'s Method. See Operations, 

 Table of. 



urr, Murrain (mur, mu^-dn) [ME., murrin, mur- 

 rain]. Any fatal epizootic disease of cattle and sheep ; 

 also a synonym of foot-and-mouth disease. 

 Murray's Treatment. See Treatment, Methods of. 

 Murraya (mur' -a-afi) [after J. A. Murray, a Swedish 

 botanist]. A genus of dicotyledonous trees. M. 

 exotica, Chinese box, yields a perfume and a bitter 

 extract, murrayin. 

 Murrayetin (mur-a-etf -in) [after J. A. Murray, a 

 Swedish botanist], C I2 H 12 5 + J^H 2 0. A gluco- 

 sid obtained from murrayin by the action of dilute 

 acids. 

 Murrayin (mur'-a-in) [after J. A. A/urray, a Swedish 

 botanist], C^H^O^. A glucosid obtained from 

 Murraya exotica. 

 Murure (mu-ru-ra') [Braz.]. The name given by the 

 natives to a Brazilian tree, the botanic source of which 

 is unknown. The bark presents a brick-red color, with 

 darker patches on the outer surface ; internally it is 

 fibrous, grayish and rather hard. Upon incision a red- 

 dish, syrupy liquid exudes, which is of acid reaction, 

 i-ioo density, and is called Vegetable mercury. Physi- 

 ologic investigations show the liquid to be poisonous, 

 injections of the neutralized juice having caused death 

 in various animals. 

 Musa (mu'-zah) [Ar., rnfizc, banana]. A genus of 

 monocotyledonous plants. M. paradisiaca, the 

 antain, q. v. M. sapientum, the banana, q. v. 

 Musca (wus'-kah) [uv'ia, a fly]. A genus of flies. M. 



hispaniola. See Cantharis. 

 Muscae (mus'-ke) [L.]. Plural of Musca. M., Ento- 

 hyaloid. See M. volitantes. M. volitantes [Fr., 

 .Vouches volantes~\, floating spots, or imperfections in 

 the field of vision due to shadows of vitreous cells. 

 Muscardine (mus'-kahr-din) [Fr., a peculiar fungus]. 



I See Muskardine. 

 uscariform {mus-kar' -if-orm) [muscarium, flv-brush; 



Muscarin (mus f -kar-in) [muscarium, a fly-brush], 

 C 5 H 13 N0 2 . An oxycholin found in fly agaric. It is 

 formed by oxidizing cholin with HX0 3 . It is a pow- 

 erful respiratory and cardiac depressant, producing 

 myosis, intestinal spasm, dyspnea, and death. Its 

 action may be antagonized by subsequent injection 

 of atropin. See also Pigments, Conspectus of. M. 

 nitras. Dose gr. T J 5 hypodermatically. Unof. 



Muscle (mus / -l) [musculus, a muscle]. An aggrega- 

 tion of tissues, of which muscular tissue is the most 

 important, having the property of contracting and 

 of returning to its original shape. Muscles provide 

 the means of movement in animals, and are of 

 two kinds, the striped and smooth, striated and 

 unstriated, the first being voluntary, the second 

 involuntary, i. e., not as a rule subject to the will. 

 See Table of Muscles, p. 795. M. of Accommo- 

 dation, the ciliary muscle. Ms. of Animal Life, 

 Striped, Striated or Voluntary Ms., those under 

 the control of the will ; they are composed of fas- 

 ciculi of fibers enclosed in a delicate tissue called 

 the internal perimysium. M. -beater, in massage, 

 an instrument used for flagelladon. See Percus- 

 sion. M. -bundle, a group of muscle -fibers enclosed 

 in an investing membrane. M,, Cardiac, the mus- 

 cular substance of the heart. M.-case, a mem- 

 branous sac enclosing one of the muscle-compart- 

 ments of a fiber of muscular tissue. M. -casket, a 

 muscle-compartment. M.-cell. See Myocyte. M., 

 Circular, a muscle surrounding circular openings ; 

 a sphincter. M.-clot, the clot formed in the 

 coagulation of muscle-plasm. M. -column, a bundle 

 of muscular fibrils in a muscle-fiber. M. -com- 

 ma. See Myocomma. M. -compartment, one of 

 the divisions of a muscle-fiber produced by the ex- 

 tension of Krause's membrane from the sarcolemma. 

 M. -corpuscle, a muscle-nucleus. M. -curve, the 

 tracing of a myograph. M., Demipenniform, a 

 muscle with a tendinous portion extending throughout 

 the whole length of its free margin. M.-disc, one 

 of the superimposed discs of a muscle-prism. The 

 same parts were designated by Rollet ' ' chief sub- 

 stance discs." M. -enzyme, a ferment existing in 

 the muscles, retaining its activity until heated to ioo° 

 F. It is not identical with fibrin-ferment. Ms., 

 Extrinsic (of the eye), the recti, oblique, levator 

 palpebne, and orbicularis palpebrarum muscles. Ms., 

 Extrinsic {of the larynx), the omohyoid and 

 sterno-hyoid, the sterno-thyroid, superior, inferior 

 and middle constrictors of the pharynx, the supra- 

 hyoid. M., Extrinsic (of the tongue), the hyo- 

 glossus, chondro-glossus, genio-hyo-glossus, palato- 

 glossus, and styloglossus, and part of the superior 

 pharyngeal constrictor. M. -ferment. See M. - 

 enzyme, M ., Fusiform, a spindle-shaped muscle with 

 a large belly and a narrow origin and insertion. Ms., 

 Hamstring, a name given to the biceps, semi-mem- 

 branosus, and semi-tendinosus muscles. M., Heart, 

 occupies an intermediate position between the spindle- 

 shaped, non-striated involuntary cell and the striped 

 voluntary fiber. It has no sarcolemma, its stria? are 

 fainter, the muscle-nuclei are situated within the sar- 

 cous substance, and the contractile fibrillse are peculiarly 

 disposed. The peripheral fibrillae are arranged in a ra- 

 diating manner, the central portion being occupied by 

 prismatic bundles of fibrillse, nuclei, and sarcoplasm. 

 Cardiac muscle-fibers differ in yet another point from 

 ordinary striped muscular tissue — they branch and an- 

 astomose with each other. M., Hollow, that surround- 

 ing a cavity. M., Inflected, one that passes over a 

 pulley. M., Intrinsic, a muscle confined to a part or 

 organ. M., Involuntary, one not under the control 



