MUSCULAR 



-r, 



MUST 



I 



uscular (mus / -ku-ler) [muscularis, of a muscle]. 

 Pertaining to, resembling, composed of, or having 

 ell-developed, muscles. M. Fiber, a fiber of mus- 

 lar tissue. It exists in two varieties, striped and 

 unstriped, the latter being associated with involuntary, 

 the former with voluntary motion. M. Force, the 

 energy produced in muscular motion. It is thought 

 to be derived from the oxidation of the fats or carbo- 

 hydrates of muscular tissue. M . Hypertrophy . See 

 Paralysis, Pseudo- hypertrophic. M. Motion, the 

 phenomena attending a self-produced change of position 

 of the body or of any of its parts. It includes voluntary , 

 involuntary, and mixed movements. See Motion. 

 M. Plate. Same as Muscle-plate. M. Rheumatism, 

 heumatism affecting the muscles. Synonym of 

 tyalgia. M. Sensations, the feelings that accom- 

 y the action of muscles. M. Sense, the sense of 

 otion, weight, and position upon which the adjust- 

 ent of the body to its surroundings depends. Sen- 

 n -nerve fibrils probably exist in muscles that con- 

 vey these sensations. The capacity of experiencing 

 muscular sensations. M. System, all the muscles of 

 the body correlated. The totality of the muscular 

 tissue of the body. M. Tissue, the substance of mus- 

 cle ; this appears in two principal varieties — the striped, 

 striated, or voluntary, and the unstriped, non-striated, 

 or involuntary. The striped muscular tissue is com- 

 posed of muscle-fibers, the unstriped of elongated, spin- 

 "e-shaped cells. A muscle- fiber consists: (I) of sar- 

 colemma ; (2) of muscle-nuclei ; (3) of muscle-sub- 

 stance. The sarcolemma is an elastic, homogeneous 

 connective-tissue sheath which lightly invests the 

 muscle-fiber. The nuclei are fusiform in shape, are 

 situated immediately beneath the sarcolemma, and run 

 parallel with the axis of the fiber. The muscle-fiber 

 itself consists of two substances — a dark, doubly 

 refracting, or anisotropic contractile substance, and a 

 fighter, semi-fluid, isotropic substance termed sarco- 

 plasm. The contractile substance consists of delicate 

 spindles, the apposition of whose thicker portions 

 produces the dark transzerse disc. The spindles 

 terminate in minute beads, the juxtaposition of which 

 gives rise to the intermediate disc or membrane of 

 Krause. The neutral sarcoplasm fills out the spaces 

 left between the spindles, and, as ordinarily the taper- 

 ing ends of the spindles are too delicate to be seen, the 

 ce between the intermediate and transverse discs — 

 e lateral disc — looks homogeneous. The contractile 

 fibrillar into which the contractile substance is divided, 

 formed by the end-to-end union of the spindles, is 

 aggregated into bundles — the muscle-columns — sur- 

 rounded by a layer of sarcolemma. On transverse sec- 

 tion these muscle-columns give rise to the appearance 

 known as Cohnheim 's fields. The muscle-fibers are 

 held together by delicate areolar tissue, the endo- 

 mysium. Several grouped together form a primary 

 Primary bundles are surrounded by a sheath 

 termed the endomysium. Fasciculi are aggregations 

 f primary bundles, and are the units of which the com- 

 lete muscle is composed, the latter being surrounded 

 y the perimysium. M. Tumor. See Myoma. 

 uscularis {mus-ku-la f -ris)[musculus, a muscle]. The 

 muscular coat of an organ. M. mucosae, the layer 

 of unstriped muscular tissue separating the mucosa (of 

 mucous membranes) from the submucosa. 

 Muscularity (mus-ku-lar'-it-e) [musculus, a muscle]. 



The quality of being muscular. 

 Musculation {mus-ku-la'-shun) [musculus, a muscle]. 

 The muscular endowment of the body or a part ; also 

 the action of the muscles of the body. 

 Musculature {mus'-ku-la-tur) [musculus, muscle]. 

 The muscular system of the body, an organ, or part. 



I 



Musculi (mus'-ku-li) [L.]. Plural of musculus, a 

 muscle. M. codonoides, the middle bell-muscles of 

 a medusa. M. papillaris. See Muscles, Papillary. 

 M. pectinati [pecten, a comb], small, muscular 

 columns traversing the inner surface of the appendix 

 auriculae and the adjoining portion of the wall of the 

 auricle. M. proboscidalis, the proboscidal muscles 

 of the Medusae. 



Musculin (mus / -ku-liti) [musculus, a muscle]. Ex- 

 tract of muscle-tissue. See Organotherapy. 



Musculinteger (tnus-ku-lin' -te-jer) [musculus, muscle ; 

 integer, whole]. A combination of several muscles 

 functionally connected and acting as a single mus- 

 cle. 



Musculo- (mus'-hu-lo) [musculus, a muscle]. A pre- 

 fix to denote connection with or relation to muscular 

 tissue. M. -aponeurotic, composed of muscle and of 

 fibrous connective tissue in the form of a membrane. 

 M. -cutaneous. See Nerves, Table of. M. -mem- 

 branous, membranous and muscular in character. 

 M. -phrenic, pertaining to the muscular .portion of the 

 diaphragm ; as the musculophrenic artery. See Arte- 

 ries, Table of. M. -spiral. See Xerves, Table of. 



Musculous \mus f -ku-lus) [musculus, muscle]. Con- 

 taining or composed of muscle-fibers. 



Musculus (mus'-ku-lus). See Muscle. 



Muscus (mus / -kus) [L.]. Moss; lichen. 



Musenin (mo'-m-m). See Moussenin. 



Museum (mu-ze'-um) [Mowra, amuse]. Formerly, any 

 library or place devoted to the arts and sciences, be- 

 cause these were supposed to be presided over by the 

 Muses. Any systematic collection of objects of 

 nature or of art. 



Mush. A thick porridge, or boiled pudding, usually 

 of maize meal, used as an article of diet, and also 

 as a poultice. 



Mushroom (mush'-riim). See Agaric and Fungus. 



Musicians' Cramp. See Cramp. 



Musicomania imu-zik-o-ma'-ne-aK) \jtovaudj, music; 

 fiavia, mania]. Monomania for, or insane devotion 

 to, music. 



Musicotherapy (mu-zik-o ther 4 '-ap-e) [uovoudj, music ; 

 depa-cia, treatment]. The use of music in the treat- 

 ment of disease, chiefly mental and nervous diseases, 

 and in convalescence. 



Musk [ME., wm.?>£, musk]. See Moschus. M. Root. 

 See Sumbul. 



Muskardine (mus'-har-din) [F. muscardine, the name 

 of a fungus]. A disease very destructive to silk- 

 worms in Europe during the early part of the 19th 

 century, practically disappearing among cultivated 

 worms after 1855 ; it was caused by the fungus 

 Botrytis bassiana, popularly called Muskardine. 



Muskeg Moss \mus'-keg) [Chippewa, maskey, swamp] . 

 A plant of the Northwestern United States, recom- 

 mended as a cheap and excellent absorbent material 

 for surgical dressings. Under this name various 

 species of Sphagnum and Hydnum are confounded. 



Musomania {mu-zo-ma' '-ne-afi). See Musicomania. 



Mussanin (rnus'-an-in). See Moussenin. 



Mussel-poisoning (mus'-l-poiz' -n-ing). The toxic 

 effects in man sometimes resulting from eating mus- 

 sels, especially the Mytilus edulis. See Mytilotoxin, 

 and Poisons, Table of. 



Mussitation {tnus-it-a* '-shun) [mussitatio ; mussiiare, 

 to mutter]. The muttering frequently observed in 

 severe illness, consisting of the movement of the lips 

 without the production of articulate speech. 



Must [mustum, new wine]. The juice freshly expressed 

 from grapes by a mechanical process. This must is 

 submitted to the process of spontaneous fermentation, 

 following exposure to the air. 



