NIGHTINGALE 



872 



NITRO- 



children during sleep. N.- walker, a somnambulist. 

 N. -walking, somnambulism. 



Nightingale {nlf -in-gal) [after Florence Nightingale']. 

 A sleeved scarf used in the hospital-treatment of the 

 sick and wounded, to protect the shoulders and parts 

 liable to become uncovered in bed. 



Nigredo (ni-gre' '-do) [niger, black]. A black color; 

 melasma. N. a sole, sunburn. N. nativa, a natural 

 dark coloring of the skin. N. necrotica, the black- 

 ness of parts that are becoming gangrenous. N. 

 sordida, dark pigmentation from dirt. 



Nigrescent (ni-gres'-ent) [nigrescere, to become black]. 

 Turning black ; blackish, dusky. 



Nigric Acid (tii'-grik) [niger, black], C 7 H 8 4 . A 

 black powder obtained when ethyl oxalate is treated 

 with potassium. 



Nigricant (11V ' -grik-ant) . Same as Nigrescent. 



Nigrismus (ni-griz'-mus) [L.]. Synonym of Nigredo. 

 N. linguae, black tongue. 



Nigritia, Nigrities {tti-gruh' -e-ah, ni'-grit-ez). Same 

 as Nigrismus, and Glossophytia. 



Nigritudo (nig-rit-u' '-do). Synonym of Melanosis. 



Nigrosin (ni f -gro-siti) [niger, black]. A blue-black 

 anilin-dye, useful in staining sections of brain-tissue. 

 For the nigrosins see Indulins. See also Pigments, 

 Conspectus of. 



Nile-blue (iill'-blu). See Pigments* Conspectus of. 



Nine (nin) [ME., nine, nine]. Thrice three. N.- 

 bark. I. The plant Neillia opulifolia, of N. America ; 

 it is astringent, tonic, and vulnerary. Unof. 2. The 

 same as Seven-bark. N.-day Fits. Synonym of 

 Tetanus neonatorum. 



Niobium (ni-o / -be-um) [N/o/37?, the daughter of Tan- 

 talus]. A rare metal, akin to bismuth and to anti- 

 mony ; symbol Nb ; atomic weight 94. It is also 

 known as Columbium. Its medicinal properties are 

 little known. See Elements, Table of. 



Niphablepsia {nif-ab-lep' -se-ah) [v/pa, snow; afHeipia, 

 blindness]. See Snow-blindness. 



Niphlotyphlotes (niflo-tiflo'-tez) [vifa, snow; rv<j>- 

 ?MTT/g, blindness]. Snow-blindness. 



Niphotyphlosis {nifo-tiflo' -sis) [W^a.snow; rvfylucsic. 

 blindness] . Snow-blindness. 



Nippers {nip'-erz) [ME., nippen, to nip]. An instru- 

 ment for seizing small bodies. N., Bone, an instru- 

 ment for grasping small bits of bone. 



Nipple [nip' -I) [ME., neple, nipple]. The conic ele- 

 vation in the center of the mammary areola. The 

 mammilla, acromastium, or thele. N. -cactus. See 

 Mammillaria. N., Cracked, a nipple the epidermis 

 of which is broken in places. 

 N.-line, in physical diagnosis, 

 a vertical line drawn on the 

 surface of the chest through the 

 nipple. N. -protector, a de- 

 vice worn by nursing women 

 to protect the nipple. It is Nipple-protector. 

 called also a Nipple-shield. N., (FromFidlerton , s"Obst. 

 Retracted, a nipple drawn Nursing".) 



below the surrounding level. N. -shield. See N- 

 protector. 



Nirls, Nirles (iierlz) [origin obscure]. A variety of 

 herpes. 



Nirlus {nir'-lus) [origin obscure]. An ephemeral 

 papular eruption sometimes following measles or scarlet 

 fever. 



Nisbet's Chancre. A lymphatic abscess on the dorsum 

 of the penis proceeding to the formation of a chancre. 



Nisus (ni'-sus) [nisus, effort, from niti, to endeavor]. 

 The periodic desire for procreation manifested in the 

 spring season by certain species of animals. Also, the 

 contraction of the diaphragm and abdominal muscles, 



for the expulsion of the feces or the urine. N. -for- 

 mations, Blumenbach's, the force of an aggregate 

 organism which constrains the newly-integrated atoms 

 to take a definite form ; the "spiritus rector. ' ' According 

 to Weismann, this is located in an " accessory idio- 

 plasm," consisting of the determinants of the parts to 

 be regenerated. 



Nit [ME., nitte, a nit]. A popular name for the larva 

 of several species of pediculus ; during incubation it 

 is attached to the hair. 



Niter (ni'-ter) [virpov, natron]. Potassium nitrate. N., 

 Cubic, Sodium nitrate. N., Spirit of, Spiritus 

 cetheris nilrosi, sweet spirit of niter. 



Nitid (nit' -id) [nitere. to shine]. Shining. 



Nitidous [nit'-id-us) [nitidus, shining]. Same as Nitid. 



Nitor (ni'-lor) [nitere, to shine]. Synonym of Enamel. 



Nitrate {ni'-trat) [virpov, natron]. Any salt of nitric 

 acid. All nitrates are soluble in water. N. Test 

 Reagent. See Acid Phenyl Sulphate. 



Nitrated (ni' -tra-ted) [virpov, natron]. Combined with 

 nitric acid. 



Nitration (ni-tra / -shun) [virpov, natron]. The pro- 

 cess of combining or treating with nitric acid. 



Nitre [ni'-ter). See Niter. 



Nitric {ni'-trik) [yirpov, natron]. Pertaihing to or con- 

 taining niter. N. Acid. See Acid, Nitric. N. Acid 

 Test. See Tests, Table of. N. Magnesian Reagent. 

 See Roberts' 1 Reagent. 



Nitrification [ni-trifik-a f -shun) [yirpov, natron ; fears 

 (facere), to make]. In biology, the oxidation of the 

 nitrogen of organic matter by means of microorgan- 

 isms. Cf. Pacterioid, and Nitrifying Pacillu 

 Winogradsky , under Pacteria, Synonymatic Table of. 



Nitrify (nit 1 '-rif-i) [yirpov, natron ; facere, to make]. 

 To convert into niter. 



Nitriles {ni'-lrils) [yirpov, natron]. Those derivative:- 

 of the alcoholic radicles with the cyanogen group, 

 CN, in which the fouith affinity of carbon is limited 

 to the alcohol radicles. They are liquids usually in- 

 soluble in water, possessing an ethereal odor, and 

 readily decomposed on heating with acids or alkalies. 



Nitrite (iii'-trii) [virpov, natron]. A salt of nitrous acid, 

 HNO r Also applied to certain combinations with 

 organic radicles, as nitroglycerin, C 2 H 5 (N0 2 ) :j , nitro- 

 benzol, amylic nitrite, and other compounds. N., 

 Amyl, C 5 H n N0 2 , possesses a fruity odor. Inhaled 

 it causes tumultuous action of the heart and a slowing 

 of the respiration. It is useful in angina pectoris, 

 asthma, and occasionally in sea-sickness. Dosi 

 ternally, TTLj^-j, dissolved in alcohol; by inhalation, 

 rnjj-v. N., Ethyl, C 2 H 5 N0 2 , used to make 

 spirit of niter. N., Sodium, NaN0 2 , acts like amy! 

 nitrite, but is less prompt. It is employed in desM 

 mative nephritis when accompanied by weak 

 of the heart. Dose, gr. )/ 2 -s. 



Nitro- {ni'-tro-^virpov, natron]. A prefix denoting com 

 bination with nitrogen. Also, denoting combination 

 with the radicle NO r N.-amins, a group 1 

 compounds containing the nitro-group in union with 

 nitrogen. N. -bacteria, a term given by \\ inogr; 

 to those bacteria that convert ammonia into nitron 

 and nitric acids. N. -benzene (QIT-NO,), 

 zol; a liquid prepared by adding benzol drop by <MOj 

 to HN0 3 . It closely resembles oil of bitter all 

 in flavor, and is important as a source of ani'.in in j 

 manufacture of dyes. It is actively poisonous, will 

 the general effects of hydrocyanic acid. N. -benzol 

 See N. -benzene. N. -benzol-red. Same a 

 lin. N.-cellulin, N. -cellulose, a substitution 

 pound of cellulose, NO, replacing II. Mon 

 /«/0J,f,C 6 II B (NO. i )O,; Pi nitrocellulose, C„H (N< 

 ox pyroxylin : Trinitrocellulose,C 6 \l^0. l )^ '.,. or gun 



