

OOZE 



899 



:f the egg-passage in platode worms, which receives 

 ;erent ducts of the shell-glands. 



[ME., wk, mud]. The deposit of calca- 

 -.iliceous shells or frustules. found making up 

 xtensive areas of the floor of the ocean and derived 

 rom the halobios [benthos and plankton), or organisms 

 ving in the sea, i.e., Diatom-ooze, A'adiolaria-ooze 

 about iooo species are included, the richest regions 

 eing the tropical central Pacific), Globigerina-ooze, 



C zoa -o-zo'-ah) [uov, an egg; ^awr, an animal]. In 

 iologv. the onym proposed by Carus for unicellular 

 nimais. because of their resemblance to ova. Cf. 

 J rotista. Protozoa. 



C acity <o-pas' '-it-e) [opacus, dull]. The condition of 

 eing impervious to light. Non-transparency. Also, 

 : n opaque spot, as opacity of the cornea. O. of Lens, 

 ee Cataract. 



il) [b-d/?Joc, an opal]. A mineral of a blue 

 :>lor, consisting of silicon. O.-blue. Same as 

 tint-blue. 



CUine (pf -pal-in) [oxcMuoc, an opal]. Having the 

 Dpearance of an opal. O. Patch, the mucous patch 

 :' syphilis, forming in the mouth a whitish pellicle. 



C ique yo-pak') \opacus, shaded]. Dark, obscure, 

 Dt transparent. O. Nerve-fibers, persistence of the 

 edullary sheaths of the optic-nerve fibers beyond the 

 mina cribrosa, forming brilliant white patches upon 

 •e retina as seen by the ophthalmoscope. 



OPERATIONS 



Open (o*-pen) [ME., open, open]. Unclosed, unfolded. 

 O. Method. See Anesthetic. 



Opening {(/-pen-ing) [ME., openyng, opening]. A 

 mouth, or hole; a perforation. O., Aortic. See 

 Aortic. O., Caval, the opening in the diaphragm for 

 the passage of the vena cava. O., Saphenous, an 

 oval opening in the fascia lata at the upper and inner 

 pan of the thigh below Poupart's ligament. It trans- 

 mits the internal saphenous vein and is covered by 

 the cribriform fascia. 



Opeocele {o / -pe-o-sel)[o-r/, an opening; idffj], a tumor]. 

 Synonym of Hernia. 



Operable [op'-er-ab-l ) \operari, to labor] . Admitting 

 of an operation. 



Operating (ofZ-er-a-ting) \operari, to work]. Per- 

 forming; acting; doing some surgical process. O.- 

 table, the table on which a patient lies during a 

 surgical operation. 



Operation (pp-er-a' -shun) \pperari, to labor, to do]. 

 An act ; especially a surgical act upon the body. A 

 table of many of the most important operations is ap- 

 pended. O., Curative effect of, per se ; the improve 

 ment or disappearance of symptoms after a simple 

 exploratory incision, with closure of the wound, the 

 supposed condition not being found to exist, or not 

 being amenable to interference. O., Major, a serious 

 and important surgical operation. O., Minor. See 

 Surgery, Minor. O., Plastic. See Surgery. 



EPONYMIC TABLE OF OPERATIONS AND METHODS IN 



SURGERY. 



A.ie's : I. Lateral anastomosis of the intestines with 



lit -gut rings. 2. For varicocele ; resection of the scro- 



: m. with ligation of the exposed veins. Abernethy's , 



ion of the external iliac artery. In the earlier 



□ an incision was made in the line of the artery 



! r about three inches, commencing nearly four inches 



jupart" s ligament. Later the incision was less 



arlv vertical and more curved, with the convexity 



wnward and outward, extending from about one inch 



> thin and one inch above the anterior superior spine 



one and one-half inches above, and external to, the 



nter of Poupart' s ligament. Adams': I. Osteotomy 



vlosis of the hip-joint, the neck of the femur being 



• ided subcutaneously within the capsule. 2. Corec- 



i vy ; the iris is drawn into a small, corneal incision, 



order to change the position of the natural pupil. 3. 



: t deviated nasal septum ; the bent cartilaginous sep- 



n is forcibly straightened by means of special flat, 



rallel-bladed forceps. 4. For Dupuytren 's contrac- 



>/, when the bands extend far down the sides of the 



'■ ger. It consists in multiple subcutaneous section 



the palmar fascia from without inward. 5. For 



.' / a triangular wedge is removed from the 



lickness of the lower lid, and the edges are 



ted by -utures. 6. Iliac colotomy ; a modification of 



*." operation, in which a vertical incision is made 



to the epigastric artery. 7. For prolapsus 



ri. See 0., Alexander's. Affleck's, a method 



< performing embryotomy : also known as Macdon- 



!od : it consists in rachiotomy followed by 



1 -ible podalic version. Agnew's ( Cornelius ft.): I. 



' ' cataract ; it consists in the laceration or removal of 



t capsule in secondary cataract by means of a stop- 



I nle and hook. 2. For chalazion ; incision along the 



' *ry margin of the lid, followed by curettement or by 



^ression. 3. ¥ or destruction of the lacrymal sac : 



itt'nof the canaliculi. vertical incision of 



II 



the sac, and cauterization of its interior. Agnew's 

 (Z>. Hayes) : I. For amputations ; it is a modification 

 of I'ermale's operation by which elliptic tegumentary 

 flaps are made and allowed to retract before the mus- 

 cles are cut through. 2. For inguinal hernia ; a modi- 

 fication of Wutzers operation, q. v. 3. For salivary 

 fistula ; after the introduction of a probe into the duct, 

 a thread is passed from the inside of the mouth, 

 around the duct, the probe is withdrawn, and the 

 thread tied tightly. As it sloughs off, the natural 

 orifice is reestablished. The external opening may 

 be closed subsequently by operation or caustics. 4. 

 For webbed fingers ; a dorsal flap, triangular in 

 shape, is cut from the upper surface of the web. The 

 apex corresponds to the free margin, the base to the 

 interval between the proximal ends of the first phal- 

 anges ; this is reflected back, and the web is divided as 

 far as necessary ; the flap is then folded between the 

 fingers, and the wound closed with sutures. Alan- 

 son's, a method of performing amputations ; it con- 

 sists in division of the skin and muscles in the form of 

 a hollow cone. Albert's, for flail knee-joint ; exci- 

 sion of the knee to secure ankylosis. Alexander's : 

 I. For the relief of epilepsy; ligation of the vertebral 

 artery to diminish the blood-supply to the brain. 2. 

 For prolapse and retroflexion of the uterus ; shorten- 

 ing of the round ligaments for the purpose of holding 

 the uterus in its normal position. Alexander- 

 Adams'. See Alexander's. Allarton's, for lith- 

 otomy ; it is the modern median operation for stone in 

 the bladder. Allingham's (H.), for inguinal col- 

 otomy ; an incision, from one and one-half to three 

 inches long, is made parallel with the outer third 

 of Poupart's ligament, and about one-half inch above. 

 The edges of the peritoneum, in most cases, are 

 stitched to the cut muscles and skin ; the intestine is 

 stitched to the edges of the wound, and opening 



