OPERATIONS 



905 



OPERATIONS 



eration followed by rachiotomy in two or three 

 ices and extraction of the fetus in two portions, 

 larriere's, internal urethrotomy ; it is done with a 

 incation of Civiale ' s urethrotome. Chassaignac's : 

 F "or amputation of a finger ; it is done with a single 

 irsal or palmar flap. 2. For excision of the elboio ; 

 longitudinal posterior incision is made along the 

 ter side of the olecranon process. 3. For excision 

 : the rectum; it is done by means of scissors, knife, 

 ecraseur. 4. For excision of the tongue : it is done 

 rith the ecraseur by the suprahyoid method. Chatt- 

 el's, for restoration of the upper lip; the same as 

 ieffenbach 's operation. Cheever's : 1. For the re- 

 ival of a nasopharyngeal tumor ; (a) single opera- 

 a single incision is made from the inner canthus 

 the eye to the angle of the mouth on the side 

 which the tumor is situated ; an incisor tooth is 

 en extracted, and the superior maxilla is removed ; 

 J) double operation : an osteoplastic operation is per- 

 led on both bones, the facial surfaces are divided 

 horizontal incisions from the middle meatus out- 

 rd to a point below the zygoma. The septum and 

 amer are then divided, and the lower parts of the jaws 

 : depressed. 2. F 'or removal of tonsillar tumors ; it is 

 >ne by an incision through the neck, passing from the 

 bule of the ear, downward and forward, to the hyoid 

 A second incision is then made along the hori- 

 ltal ramus of the lower jaw to form a flap. Chesel- 

 :n's : 1. A method of performing amputations ; it is 

 same as Celsus' method, except that the skin-flap is 

 sected loose from its subjacent attachments, and 

 ice increased in length. 2. For iriJotomy ; a horizon- 

 1 incision is made through the iris by means of a sickle- 

 iped needle introduced through the sclerotica. 3. For 

 otomy ; the lateral operation. See Lithotomy. 

 leyne's ( IV. ) , for the radical cure of femoral hernia ; 

 ter reducing the hernia, a flap of the pectineus muscle 

 raised and made to cover the hernial orifice. Chi- 

 p's, for glaucoma ; the establishing of corneal 

 inage. Chiene's, for genu valgum ; the removal 

 an oblique transverse wedge from the body of the 

 Midyle of the femur. Chopart's: 1. A method of 

 viputation through the foot ; the bony structure is di- 

 ied at the articulation between the astragalus and 

 le calcaneum behind, and the scaphoid and cuboid 

 mes anteriorly. 2. For restoration of the lower lip ; 

 le elevation of a square flap from below. Chry- 

 »r's, for ovariotomy ; the pedicle is tied in two por- 

 3ns and the ends are left outside. Circular, a method 

 F amputation by a circular sweep of the knife, in con- 

 adistincdon to the flap-operation. Civiale's (J-): I. 

 For internal urethrotomy ; a special urethrotome is 

 to divide the stricture from within outward. 2. 

 lithotomy ; the medio-bilateral operation. See 

 ithotomy. 3. For lithotrity. See Lithotrity. Clark's, 

 urethroplasty for urethral fistula ; the edges of 

 fistula are pared ; then a transverse incision is 

 le through the integuments of the penis about an 

 ich above and below it. The skin-flaps are dissected 

 and brought together by clamps or quill-suture, 

 lemot's, for harelip; flaps are turned down on 

 ither side, the incision stopping at the red margin 

 ' the lip. The cleft is then united from side to side. 

 Cleveland's, for lacerated perineum ; denudation of a 

 iangular area, having for its base a line joining the 

 es of the labia majora and for its apex the crest of 

 le rectocele. The sutures are introduced in loops, 

 »ch suture having two points of entrance and two of 

 aergence. Cloquet's (J.G.),z. method of circumcis- 

 ; it is done by means of an incision by the side of 

 frenum. Coates', for internal hemorrhoids ; a 

 le is seized with forceps, Coates' clamp is applied to 



its base, a few fine catgut sutures are passed beneath 

 the clamp, the pile is excised, bleeding is checked, 

 the clamps are removed, and the sutures are tied. 

 Cock's, a method of external urethrotomy ; the urethra 

 is opened behind the stricture without a guide, the 

 knife being carried into the median line of xhe peri- 

 neum and the incision extended vertically as far as is 

 necessary. Cohnstein's, a method of performing 

 Cesarean section; it is a modification of the usual 

 operation, consisting in turning the whole uterus out 

 of the abdominal wound and making the opening 

 on its posterior aspect. Colles', for single hare-lip ; 

 the inner margin is incompletely pared and hinged 

 backward on the mucous membrane, to which it is still 

 attached ; the outer margin is then transfixed and two 

 flaps are cut, an upper and a lower, which are turned 

 upward and downward respectively, and attached on 

 the opposite side. Colley's, for talipes. See navies- 

 Coney's operation. Collis', for excision of the tongue. 

 The same as Jaeger's operation. Cooper's (Sir A.): 

 I. For ligation of the abdominal aorta ; the intra- 

 peritoneal operation. The abdomen is opened by an 

 incision three or four inches in length, made in the linea 

 alba, with the center corresponding to the umbilicus. 2. 

 For ligature of the external iliac artery ; an incision 

 four or five inches long is made parallel with Poupart's 

 ligament, and nearly an inch above it, commencing 

 just outside the center of the ligament and extending 

 outward and upward beyond the anterior superior iliac 

 spine. 3. For tinnitus and deafness in otitis media 

 chronica ; excision of a portion of the membrana tym- 

 pani. 4. For varicocele ; excision of a part of the redun- 

 dant scrotum. Cornuan's, for amputation at the hip- 

 joint ; disarticulation by a modified oval method, with 

 the summit of the incision on the outer side. Cot- 

 ting's (B. £.), for ingrowing toe-nail ; all the over- 

 lying tissues, together with the sides of the toe, are 

 sliced off freely. The contraction in healing pro- 

 duces a cure. Courvoisier and von Hacker's, a 

 method of performing gastro-enterostomv : the jejunum 

 is connected to the stomach directly after tearing or 

 cutting a passage through the bloodless area of the 

 transverse meso-colon, under the meso-colic arch 

 of Riolan. Cowell's, for glaucoma ; paracentesis 

 of the vitreous chamber. Crampton's : 1 . For entro- 

 pion ; incisions are made in the lid, and healing allowed 

 to take place by granulation. 2. For ligation of the 

 common iliac artery ; the incision is commenced at the 

 anterior extremity of the last false rib, and, proceeding 

 directly downward to the ilium, follows the line of the 

 crest to the anterior superior spine. The vessel is 

 reached from behind. Crede's, a method of performing 

 hysterectomy; it is a modification of Freund' 1 s operation, 

 and consists in making a resection of the pubes. Cres- 

 cent operation, for lacerated perineum, involving the 

 vaginal entrance only ; a crescent-shaped denudation is 

 made from the vulvo-vaginal entrance, the angles of 

 which extend into the vulvovaginal sulci. Cripps' 

 (/Z) : 1. For excision of the rectum ; dissection of the 

 rectum from the adjacent tissues and removal of the 

 diseased portion, the wound being allowed to heal by 

 granulation. 2. For iliac colotomy ; an imaginary line 

 from the anterior superior iliac spine to the umbilicus 

 is crossed at right angles, 1 }4 inches from the superior 

 spine, by an incision 2j-£ inches long. The bowel is 

 fixed in position and opened. 3. A method of trans- 

 fusion ; it is the same as Aveling s operation, the instru- 

 ment, however, being supplied with clips instead of 

 taps. Critchett's : I. F "or cataract-extraction ; a slight 

 modification of Graeffs incision. 2. For evisceration 

 of the eyeball ; a number of deep stitches are passed 

 through the sclera before removing the staphyloma ; 



