OPERATIONS 



muscle, in order to give the ring-finger of musicians 

 (especially pianists i greater freedom of action. Fors- 

 ter's, for a ripening cataract ; iridectomy, followed 

 by circular rubbing of the cornea with a blunt instru- 

 ment. Forster's (C), for gastrostomy ; a parietal in- 

 cision is made in a vertical direction through the top 

 of the linea semilunaris. Foullioy's, for amputation 

 at the hip- joint : the same as Ravaton 's amputation, 

 the common femoral artery being ligated at the fold of 

 the groin as a preliminary step. Franco's : I. For 

 cystotomy ; the original supra-pubic method. See Cystot- 

 omy. 2. F 'or double hare-lip ; complete removal of the 

 , pre-maxillary bone as a preliminary step. Frank's, a 

 method of performing Cesarean section ; the uterus is 

 turned out of the abdomen before incising ; drainage 

 is obtained by passing a tube through the wound and 

 into the vagina ; the round ligaments are brought to- 

 gether and sutured. French's, for carbuncle ; subcu- 

 taneous incision. Frere Come's, for lithotomy ; the 

 high operation. See Lithotomy. Frere Jacques', for 

 lithotomy ; a long knife is thrust in the ischio-rectal 

 fossa, penetrating the bladder behind the prostate , then 

 cutting forward ; a staff is used, which, however, is not 

 grooved. Freund's : I. For hysterectomy ; by abdo- 

 minal section. 2. For laceration of the female peri- 

 neum : the bilateral method, with extension of the 

 vaginal triangles or tongues along the cicatrices on 

 either side, and leaving sound vaginal wall about 

 the median line. Fricke's : I. For blepharoplasty ; 

 a tongue-shaped flap is taken from the temple or cheek. 

 2. For cicatricial entropion ; a flap-operation similar 

 to Dieffenbach? s operation. Fritsch's : I. For pos- 

 terior colporrhaphy for extreme degrees of rectocele ; a 

 modification of Simon's operation ; denudation of the 

 posterior vaginal wall, with a larger perineal denuda- 

 tion. The raw surfaces are closed by vaginal and 

 perineal sutures. 2. For vaginal hysterectomy ; the 

 broad ligaments are first operated upon ; lateral in- 

 cisions are made in the vaginal vault, the tissues care- 

 fully separated, hemorrhage controlled by sutures, and 

 the incisions united by anterior and posterior incisions ; 

 the uterus is turned forward and brought down. 

 Fritz's, for the radical cure of inguinal hernia ; after 

 reduction, pins, protected at each end by ivory or bone 

 discs, are passed in front of and behind the cord in the 

 canal and allowed to remain ten days; ulceration results, 

 which is intended to close the canal and consequently 

 cure the hernia. Fryer's, a method of transfusion ; 

 the direct method, with the use of a modified Aveling 

 instrument. Fuchs' (£.), for tarsorrhaphy ; the lower 

 lid is split into two laminae to the desired extent by an 

 intermarginal incision ; this is converted into a flap 

 by a short incision downward from the inner extremity 

 of the first incision ; the same incision as the first 

 is made in the upper lid and then the zone of hair- 

 follicles is ablated ; the wound is then sutured. Fur- 

 nari's : I. For iridectomy; the same as Physick's 

 operation. 2. For pannus ; removal of a circular strip 

 of conjunctiva at the circumference of the cornea. 

 Gagnele's, for varicocele; subcutaneous ligation 

 of the varicose veins by silver wire twisted on metal 

 buttons. Gaillard-Arlt's, for entropion. See Arlts 



! Operation. Galabin's : I. For lacerated perineum ; 



' the denudation follows the cicatrix, but extends a 

 little beyond in all directions. 2. A method of trans- 

 fusion ; the direct method ; a piece of elastic tubing, 

 supplied at the extremities with cannula; and spring- 

 clips, is employed. Galbiati's, for otherwise impossible 

 labor due to contracted pelvis ; I. Also called bi-pubeo- 



: tomy and ischio-pubeotomy ; it consists in the division of 

 the ischiatic and horizontal branches of the pubes with 

 the chain saw, followed by the application of the ob- 



909 OPERATIONS 



stetric forceps to the head of the fetus. 2. Symphysio- 

 tomy. Galezowski's : I. For cataract ; the incision is 

 made as in Wright' s operation, except that the point of 

 the knife is made to divide the capsule. 2. F or ptery- 

 gium ; turning of the apex under the base. 3. For synec- 

 tomy ; it is done by means of a needle with a cutting- 

 edge. Gant's : I. For excision of the tongue ; a modifi- 

 cation ol Jaeger's operation. 2. F or ankylosis of the hip- 

 joint ; division of the shaft of the femur just below the 

 lesser trochanter. Garretson's, for staphylorrhaphy ; 

 the same as Fergussons operation, except that the 

 operator stands behind the patient. Garrigues', a 

 method of transfusion ; the indirect method, the 

 blood being defibrinated and filtered before being 

 injected. Gely's, for suture of the intestine ; two 

 straight needles at the ends of a single thread are 

 introduced behind and at the sides of the wound, and 

 made to traverse the outer coats of the bowel in a 

 direction parallel to the edge of the wound for a dis- 

 tance of four or five mm. The needles are then crossed 

 and the procedure repeated as often as necessary. 

 Gensoul's : 1. For double hare-lip ; forcible repression 

 of the pre-maxillary bone by seizing the projecting 

 tubercle at its extremity and fracturing the bony pro- 

 cesses that support it. 2. For excision of the upper 

 jaw; one incision is carried vertically downward 

 from the level of the inner canthus through the lip ; 

 a second is started at right angles to the first at the 

 level of the floor of the nose ; and a third is carried 

 upward in front of the ear to the external angular 

 process of the frontal bone. 3. For stricture of the 

 lacrymal duct. See Laforesfs Operation. Gerardin's, 

 for prolapse of the uterus ; denudation of the median 

 portion of the ventral and dorsal vaginal walls, or 

 of the ventral lip of the cervix and dorsal vaginal 

 wall, and union by sutures. Gerdy's (/'. X.) : I. For 

 entropion ; also called the scalping operation ; removal 

 of the entire margin of the lid. 2. For the radical 

 cure of inguinal hernia ; by invagination of the 

 scrotum in the inguinal canal, and its retention 

 there by means of a suture passed by a long needle. 

 3. For stricture of the lacrymal duct ; by two verti- 

 cal parallel incisions into the duct, with excision 

 of a quadrilateral piece of bone from the inner wall. 

 Gibson's : I. For the formation of an artificial pupil. 

 See Beer's Operation. 2. For cataract ; removal of a 

 soft lens through a small corneal incision. Gilles- 

 pie's, for excision of the wrist; it is done by a single 

 longitudinal dorsal incision between the extensor 

 communis and extensor secundi muscles, without 

 division of the tendons. Gioppi's, fox cataract; the lens 

 in its capsule is extracted with a spoon-like instrument 

 through an incision similar to Graefe's incision. 

 Giraldes', for single hare-lip; the mortise operation ; 

 two flaps are made, the first with its base attached above 

 to the root of the nose, the second attached below, on 

 the opposite side of the cleft at the muco-cutaneous 

 junction ; an incision is then made outward from the ala 

 and the surfaces are approximated by turning the first 

 flap up and the second down. Giraud's, for stricture 

 of the lacrymal duct ; a modification of Desault's 

 operation, in which a thread is passed through the 

 duct. Godlee's, for hepatotomy ; it is performed in 

 two stages, as in l'olkmann , s operation, except that 

 stitches are passed deeply into the substance of the 

 liver, and in a double row. Goodsall's, for horse- 

 shoe fistula in a no ; a single division is made in the 

 posterior median line, to avoid incontinence from re- 

 peated division of the sphincter. Gould's (Pearce) : I. 

 For amputation of the penis ; complete removal of the 

 organ by dissecting off the crura. 2. For varicocele ; the 

 vas deferens is separated from the veins at the upper 



