OPERATIONS 



921 



OPERATIONS 



icing the anterior incision higher, and removing the 

 »lla. Pirogoff 's : I. I "or amputation through the 

 an operation in which the os calcis is sawn 

 irough obliquely from above downward and forward, 

 and the posterior portion is brought up and secured 

 against the surface made by sawing off the lower ends 

 of the tibia and fibula. 2. For the radical cure of 

 hernia ; after reduction, a bladder of gold-beater's 

 skin is introduced into the canal through a small in- 

 cision, inflated and allowed to remain. Pitts', for 

 stretching the inferior dental nerve ; the nerve is found 

 by a vertical incision within the mouth, along the 

 inner border of the ascending ramus, and is stretched 

 with a blunt hook. Platner's, for excision of the 

 mal sac ; incision of the anterior wall, followed 

 bv removal of the sac-wall. Poinsot's, cuneiform 

 tomy for talipes varus ; a T-shaped incision is 

 made, the horizontal limb of which extends from the 

 external malleolus to the head of the fifth metatarsal 

 bone, while the vertical branch passes across the dorsum 

 toward the scaphoid bone ; the periosteum is similarly 

 incised, and a wedge of bone removed. Politzer's : 



1. Section of the anterior ligament of the malleus. 



2. For artificial aperture of the membrana tympani ; a 

 crucial incision of the membrane is made, followed by 

 the application of the galvano-cautery. 3. For atro- 



tympanic membrane with middle-ear catarrh ; 

 incision of the membrane every two or three days with 

 a paracentesis-needle. Pollock's (G.) : 1. For am- 

 putation at the knee-joint; a long anterior and a 

 short posterior skin-flap, somewhat rectangular in 

 outline, the patella being left. 2. For division of 

 vator palati muscle ; the knife is passed through 

 the mucous membrane of the velum in front, and to 

 the inner side of the hamular process, and the muscle 

 is fully divided. 3. For hemorrhoids ; crushing them 

 with a special clamp, and excising or cauterizing 

 the projecting portion. Pope's: 1. For the forma- 

 tion of an artificial pupil ; incision at the sclero- 

 corneal margin, with excision of a portion of the iris 

 without dividing the sphincter pupillae. 2. For 

 entropion ; extirpation of the tarsus. 3. For trich- 

 iasis ; similar to the Arlt-Jaesche operation. Porro's, 

 for puerperal hysterectomy; Cesarean section, fol- 

 lowed by removal of the uterus at the cervical 

 junction, together with the ovaries and oviducts. 

 Porro-Miiller's, for otherwise impossible labor; a 

 modification of the Porro operation in which the uterus 

 is brought out of the abdomen before extracting the 

 fetus. Porro-Veit's, for otherwise impossible labor ; 

 a modification of the Porro operation; the stump is 

 ligated and dropped. Porta's : 1. A method of 

 performing embryotomy ; perforation of the thorax in 

 the axillary region, followed by evisceration and 

 podalic version. 2. For varicocele; the injection 

 saturated solution of chloral. Post's, for 

 hinoplasty ; a modification of the Tagliacotian opera- 

 r, the flaps being taken from the patient's finger. 

 Jtt's (P.), for fistula in ano ; it consists in a 

 iple incision. Power's, for corneal leukoma; 

 oal of the opaque portion with a sharp punch, 

 transplantation of a healthy rabbit's cornea, 

 ratt's, dilatation of the lower orifices of the body, the 

 lus and the urogenital canal, with the removal of any 

 itating conditions that may be present. It is based on 

 belief that many chronic diseases are due to morbid 

 Dnditions of these orifices. Prev6t's, for rupture 

 .'■avid uterus; removal of the uterus by ab- 

 dominal incision. Prince's: I. For pterygium; 

 similar to Knapf s modification of Desmarre" ' s opera- 

 tion. 2. For strabismus ; advancement of the rectus 

 muscle. Pritchett's, for internal urethrotomy ; it is 



done with a modification of Maisonneuve's urethro- 

 tome. Purse-string, for cystocele. See Stoltz's opera- 

 tion. Quaglins', for sclerotomy ; incision of the 

 sclera with a small knife, and the use of a small 

 spatula to prevent prolapse, should it tend to occur. 

 Ramdohr's, for enterorrhaphy ; the insertion- of the 

 proximal within the distal end of the intestine, and 

 suturing. Ramsden's, for ligation of the third part 

 of the subclavian artery ; a transverse incision three 

 inches in length is made across the base of the posterior 

 triangle of the neck, about one-half inch above the clav- 

 icle. Rau's, for the formation of an artificial pupil ; 

 perforation of the sclera and iris with a narrow knife, 

 followed by iridectomy. Ravaton's : 1. A method 

 of performing amputations ; it is done by a circular 

 incision through the soft parts of the bone, with two 

 longitudinal cuts — one in front and the other behind — 

 extending from the circular incision upward to the 

 level at which the bone is to be sawn through. 2. 

 For amputation at the hip-joint; disarticulation 

 through an external racket-incision ; a vertical cut 

 is made on the outer side, and this is joined on 

 each side by two oblique crescentic incisions which 

 meet on the inner side of the thigh. Recamier's, for 

 extirpation of the uterus ; vaginal hysterectomy. Rec- 

 lus', for iliac colotomy ; a modification of J/aydfs 

 operation, in which the sutures are omitted. 

 Reeves' (H. A.) : I. For inguinal colotomy ; the usual 

 incision is made, and sutures are passed through the 

 gut to fasten it to the skin. 2. For knock-knee ; 

 a modification of Ogstoris operation, in which an 

 effort is made not to open the joint. Regnoli's, 

 for excision of the tongue ; an incision is made in the 

 median line of the neck from the lower margin of 

 the symphysis to the center of the hyoid bone, 

 and from the upper end of this cut two lateral in- 

 cisions pass outward along the lower border of the 

 jaw to the anterior borders of the masseter muscles. 

 Reichenbach's, for iridotomy ; incision of the 

 cornea and division of the iris from before back- 

 ward. Reverdin's : 1. For blepharoplasty ; re- 

 moval of the cicatricial tissue, suturing of the lid to 

 the opposite one in its normal position, and skin- 

 grafting of the raw surface. 2. For skin-grafting ; 

 a. point of skin is raised on an ordinary sewing- 

 needle, and shaved off with a scalpel or scissors ; the 

 graft is then transferred to the fresh surface next to 

 the healthy granulations. 3. For symblepharon ; 

 detachment of the lid and transplantation of a small 

 flap from the cheek. Reybard's, for enterorrhaphy ; 

 invagination of the upper extremity by passing two 

 sutures through the wall and out of the lumen, and then 

 in the lumen and through the wall of the lower 

 extremity ; traction now effects invagination, and 

 sutures are applied. Richard's: 1. For ectopia 

 vesica; the same as Roux 's operation, following 

 the lines of A r elaton's operation for epispadias. 2. For 

 the removal of naso-pharyngeal polypi ; an incision is 

 made in the middle line, from the posterior border of 

 the hard palate, forward to the alveolus ; the periosteum 

 is dissected up on either side, and as much of the hard 

 palate as necessary is chiseled away. Richet's : 1. 

 For Dupuytren 1 s contraction, or contraction of the 

 palmar fascia ; a longitudinal incision is made over 

 the bands and transverse incisions at either extremity 

 of the first ; the flaps are dissected back, the bands 

 cut or excised, the wound united, and the finger fixed 

 in extension. 2. For ectropion ; the cicatrix (situated at 

 the outer side of the lower lidl is excised, and, after the 

 lids have been stitched together, the gap is filled , and 

 the operation is completed by raising and transplanting 

 two tongue-shaped flaps. 3. For varicocele ; cauteriza- 



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