OPISTHURAL 



ward of the trunk, which thus rests upon the 

 and heels. This condition is seen in tetanus, 

 n-poisoning, hydrophobia, hysteria, and other 

 ic conditions. 



)pisthural (o-pis' -thu-ral) [b-iatiev, behind; ovpa, 

 the tail]. Of, or pertaining to, the opisthure. 



)pisthure \o-pis' -thur) [o-io6ev, behind; ovpd, tail]. 

 In biology, the posterior termination of the caudal 

 axis of certain fishes or their embryos. 



>pium {o'-pe um) [o-iov, poppy-juice]. The inspis- 

 sated juice of the unripe capsules of the Papaver som- 

 ■um, or poppy, obtained by incising the capsules 

 and collecting the milky juice which is exuded. Most 

 of the opium in the American market comes from 

 Smyrna, Asia Minor. Opium is a very complex sub- 

 stance and contains, besides morphin and codein, a 

 large number of less important alkaloids — ;narcein, 

 narcotin. thebain, laudanin, papaverin, porphyroxin, 

 cryptopin, meconin, opianin, paramorphin, and me- 

 conic, tiiebolactic, and sulphuric acids, in addition to 

 a variety of extractives. Good opium should yield 

 at least 9 per cent, of morphin. The dominant phys- 

 iologic action of opium is the relief of pain. It 

 also causes slowing of the respiration and pulse, 

 contraction of the pupils, diaphoresis, constipation ; 

 more rarely nausea and vomiting, headache, itching 

 of the skin, erythema ; occasionally instead of sleep, 

 wakefulness, delirium, even convulsions. In toxic 

 doses it produces sleep followed by deep coma, with 

 very slow respirations, and pin-point pupils ; death is 

 due to paralysis of the centers of respiration. Thera- 

 peutically, opium is a most useful drug ; it induces 

 sleep, allays excitement, relieves pain and irritation, 

 checks vomiting and diarrhea, and is sudorific. Small 

 doses stimulate ; large doses depress. O., Acetum, 

 vinegar of opium, " black drop, " prepared with nut- 

 meg, sugar, and dilute acetic acid. Opium-strength 

 10 percent. Dose TTLv-xx O., Confectio. (B. P.) 

 Dose gr. v-xx. O. denarcotisatum, powdered opium 

 freed from su: stances soluble in ether ; 14 per cent, of 

 morphin and a varying per cent, of narcotin. Dose gr. 

 O., Emplastrum, extract of opium 6, Bur- 

 gundy pitch, 18, lead-plaster 76 parts. O., Enema 

 (£■ P.). contains gss of the tincture of opium and 

 3 ij of starch-mucilage. O. et Glycyrrbizae, Troch., 

 each contains gr. -fa of opium. Dose j-iv. O. et 

 Ipecacuanhae, Pulv., Dover's powder, contains ipe- 

 cac 10, opium 10, sugar of milk 80 parts. Dose gr. 

 v-xv. O. et Ipecacuanhae, Tinct., contains deodor- 

 ized tincture of opium 100 parts evaporated to 85, fl. 

 exL ipecac 10, dilute alcohol q. s. ad 100. Dose n\,v- 

 xv. O., Ext., an aqueous extract containing glycerin. 

 1)036 g r I +-j- O., Liniment ( B. P.), contains 

 tinct. opii and soap-liniment. O., Ext., Liq. (B. P.) 

 Dose n\, iv-xx. O., Liq. , Comp., compound solution 

 of opium, unof., strength 10 per cent. Dose n\v-xx. 

 O., Pil., each contains I gr. opium with % gr. soap. 

 Dose j-iij. O., Pulv., powdered opium ; should 

 contain 12-16 per cent, of morphin. Dose gr. ss-iij. 

 0., Pulv., Comp. (B. P.) Dose gr. ij-v. O., 

 Tinct., Amrnon. (B. P.) Dose ^ss-j. O., Tinct., 

 Camph. {Tinct. camphor, comp., B. P.), camphor- 

 ated tincture of opium, paregoric; contains opium, 

 benzoic acid, camphor, oil of anise aa 4, glycerin 40, 

 dil. alcohol ad 1000 parts. Dose, for an infant, gtt. 

 :"or an adult, 3J-iv. O., Tinct., Comp., 

 Squibb s diarrhea- mixture, contains laudanum, spt. of 

 camphor, and tinct. capsicum, aa ^j, pure chloroform 

 ^iij. stronger alcohol q. s. ad 5 v. Dose gtt. x-^j. 

 O., Tinct., Deodorata, McMunri s elixir, an aqueous 

 extract shaken with ether, the residue being dissolved 

 in water and alcohol. Opium-strength 10 per cent. 



935 OPPOSITI PIN NATE 



Dose n\v-xx. O., Tinct., laudanum, contains 10 

 per cent, of opium. Dose n\_v-xx. O., Trochis. 

 (B.P.) Each contains gr.j 1 ^ of opium. Dose j-iv. 

 O., Vinum, wine of opium , Sydenham's laudanum, a 

 vinous tincture, with cinnamon and cloves ; opium- 

 strength 10 per cent. Dose m^v-xx. O. -eater, one 

 addicted to the use of opium as a stimulant. O. -eat- 

 ing, the habitual use of opium as a stimulant and 

 narcotic. O. -habit. See Morphiomania. O.-lini- 

 ment, an anodyne liniment made of soap-liniment 

 and laudanum. O. -plaster, the Emplastrum opii 

 of the U. S. Pharmacopeia. O -smoking, the inhal- 

 ation of the fumes of burning opium for the pur- 

 pose of experiencing the exhilarating effects so pro- 

 duced. 



Opiumism (o' -pe-um-izm) [otiov, poppy -juice]. The 

 symptoms of chronic opium-poisoning. 



Opobalsamum [op-o-bawl-sam' '-um) [otoc, juice ; /3dX- 

 aatiov, balsam]. Balsam of Mecca, produced by the 

 tree Amyris gileadensis. 



Opocalpason, Opocalpasum {pp-o-kal' -pas-on, op-o- 

 kal' -pas-um) \b~6c, juice ; xaMt aaoc , a plant-name]. 

 A variety of gum-arabic. 



Opocephalus (op-o-sef -al-us) [Znj>, u»-6c, the eye ; ice^- 

 d/.i], head]. A variety of single autositic monsters, of 

 the species otocephalus, in which there issynopsia, with 

 the characteristics of otocephalus, but with the absence 

 of both mouth and proboscis. 



Opodeldoc {op-o-del'-dok) [origin obscure]. Soap-lini- 

 ment. See Sapo. 



Opodidymus (pp-o-did ' -im-us) ["V» e y e » H&vuoc, twin]. 

 A monosomic dual monstrosity with the heads united 

 behind, but with two faces ; the eyes vary in number. 



Opodymus (p-pod' -im-us) [<j«>, eye ; 6idvuoc, twin]. A 

 term for a monstrosity with a single body and skull, 

 but with two distinct faces. 



Opopanax (p-pof/ -an-aks) [o~oc, juice ; jrdvof, an all- 

 healing plant]. 1. A genus of umbelliferous plants. 

 2. The gum-resin afforded by 0. chironium, a plant 

 of the Mediterranean region ; it is used like asafetida, 

 but is inferior to it. Dose, 10-30 gr. Unof. 



Opotomocatheter {p-pot-o-mok-ath' -et-er) \q-ji, open- 

 ing ; ~oui], a cutting ; Kaderifp, catheter]. An elastic 

 catheter with a stylet. 



Oppilation (op-il-a' '-shun) \oppilatio, closure]. Closure ; 

 constipation. 



Oppilative {op'-il-a-tiz-) [oppilatis, closure]. I. Ob- 

 struction ; closing the pores ; causing constipation. 2. 

 A constipating agent or remedy. 



Opponens (op-o / -nens) [ob, against ; ponere, to place]. 

 Opposing ; a descriptive term applied to certain mus- 

 cles that bring the thumb and fingers in juxtaposition. 



Opposite (op / -o-zit) [oppositus, placed against]. I. 

 Opposed to. 2. As a noun, the similar part in the 

 remaining half of the body ; platytrope ; lateral homo- 

 logue; fellow of the remaining side ; and in general, 

 whether referring to the names of parts or to terms of 

 position and direction, the opposite is either member 

 of a symmetrically placed pair, as the right hand is 

 the opposite of the left, the term ventral of dorsal, 

 lateral of mesal, afferent of efferent, etc. O. Stand- 

 ing, in massage, leaning forward and resting the 

 elbows or forearm on some object at about the level of 

 the nipple. 



Oppositifolius {op-oz-it-ifo > '-le-us) [oppositus, opposite ; 

 folium, leaf]. In biology, situated opposite a leaf. 



Oppositipetalous [pp-oz-it-ip-et' -al-us) [ oppositus, op- 

 posite ; irira'/jtv, a leaf]. In biology, placed opposite 

 a petal. 



Oppositipinnate (op-oz-it-ip-in' -at) [oppositus, opposite ; 

 pinna, a feather]. In biology, applied to a pinnate 

 leaf in which the folioles are opposite to each other. 





