ORG AN A 



in the 



s: 



omc 

 nephr 



the paradidymis. O., Goblet-shaped, one of the 

 ge rod-shaped end-organs of nerves, observed in 

 the skin of the teleostei and sturgeons. O., Jacob- 

 son's, a short cul-de-sac extending along Stensen's 

 duct, lined by epithelium continuous with that of the 

 .] mucous membrane. It is well developed in some 

 lower animals, in which it is believed to have an olfac- 

 function. O's., Lateral : (a) Segmentally ar- 

 ranged, retractile sensory organs occurring among 

 nes only in the Chietopoda . They carry sensory hairs 

 connected on the one hand with transverse muscle- 

 fibrillae and on the other with a plexus of ganglion-cells 

 joined by a special nerve to the ventral cord ; their 

 function is unknown. (b) A series of nerve end-organs 

 in the " mucous canals ' ' in the head and lateral line 

 of fishes and amphibians. O's., Mayer's, a series of 

 slit-like depressions on the side of the tongue of cer- 

 tain mammals, first discovered by C. Mayer in the 

 African elephant ; afterward found in the Uakari 

 monkeys (Pithekia satanis) ; 15 slits in front of the 

 palato-glossal fold. O's., Pelvic, those organs sit- 

 uated in the pelvis. O's. of Reproduction, the tes- 

 ticles and penis and its glands in the male, the uterus 

 and its appendages and the vagina and its glands, 

 in the female. O's., Respiratory, the nose, pharynx, 

 , trachea, lungs, and glands connected with 

 different parts. O. of Rosenmiiller. See 

 ^ovarium. O., Segmental, a mesoblastic embry- 

 structure consisting of three parts — the pro- 

 ros, the mesonephros, or Wolffian body, and the 

 metanephros. O's. of Semper, glandular structures 

 found in gasteropods, well developed at the sides of 

 the mouth in Limax. According to Sochaczewer, 

 they are not olfactory in function. O's. of Special 

 Sense, those parts of the body endowed with highly 

 specialized functions and through which perceptive 

 impressions are received : the eye, ear, skin, mucosa 

 of the mouth and nose are the principal. O. of 

 Syrski, the male organ of the eel discovered by 

 i in 1873. 

 Drgana (or'-gan-ah) [L.]. Plural of Organnm. O. pal- 

 pantia, tactile organs. O. urticantia, the nemato- 

 phores or nematillse of Calenterates. 

 Organic (or-gan'-ik) [bpyavov, an instrument]. Hav- 

 ing, pertaining to, or characterized by, organs ; per- 

 taining to the animal and vegetable worlds ; exhibiting 

 animal or vegetable characteristics. O. Cell, the 

 structural element which is regarded as the basis of 

 the structure of all organized bodies. O. Chemistry, 

 the chemistry of the carbon compounds. O. 

 Constituents. See Constituent. O. Disease, dis- 

 ease of an organ attended with structural changes. O. 

 Molecules, Doctrine of, Buffon's hypothesis that 

 life is the indefeasible property of certain indestructi- 

 ble molecules of matter, which exist in all living 

 things, and have inherent activities by which they are 

 distinguished from non-living matter. Each individual 

 living organism is formed by their temporary combina- 

 tion ; they stand to it in the relation of the particles of 

 water to a cascade, or a whirlpool ; or to a mold 

 into which the water is poured. The form of the 

 organism is thus determined by the reaction between 

 external conditions and the inherent activities of the 

 organic molecules of which it is composed ; and as 

 the stoppage of a whirlpool destroys nothing but a 

 form and leaves the molecules of the water with all 

 their inherent activities intact, so what we call the 

 death and putrefaction of an animal, or of a plant, are 

 merely the breaking up of a form, or manner of as- 

 sociation, of its constituent molecules, which are then 

 set free as infusorial animalcules. It will be perceived 



939 



ORGANOPATHISM 



that this doctrine is by no means identical with Abio- 

 genesis, with which it is often confounded (Huxley). 

 O. Reflexes, those pertaining to the acts of mictu- 

 rition, erection, ejaculation, defecation, digestion, 

 respiration, etc. 



Organicism (or-gan' '-is-izni) [bpyavov, organ]. The 

 doctrine that all diseases are caused by material lesions 

 of one or more organs. 



Organisata (or-gan-is-a' '-tak) [neut.://. of Organisatus, 

 organized]. In biology, any or all organisms. 



Organism (or* -gan-izm) [bpyavov, organ]. A living 

 being, animal or vegetable, simple or composed of 

 many organs ; also the assemblage of organs constitut- 

 ing a living being. O., Micro-, a minute or micro- 

 scopic body or organism ; a schizomycete ; a bacte- 

 rium. 



Organite (or'-gan-it) [opyavov, organ]. An elementary 

 organ. 



Organization (or-gan-iz-a' -shnti) [bpyavov, organ]. I. 

 The orderly arrangement of organs or parts ; also an 

 organism. 2. The conversion of something into, or 

 its replacement by, living tissue — as the organization 

 of a thrombus. 



Organo-chemistry (or 1 '-gan-o-kem' -is-tre). See Or- 

 ganic Chemistry. 



Organogen (or-gan' -o-jen) [bpyavov, an organ ; yzwav, 

 to beget]. A compound containing carbon, hydrogen, 

 oxygen, and nitrogen. 



Organogenesis (or-gan-o-jen' -es-is) [bpyavov, organ ; 

 yewav, to beget]. The process of the development 

 and growth of an organ. The same as Organogeny. 



Organogenetic (or-gan-o-jen-et'-ik) [bpyavov, organ ; 

 yewav, to beget]. Pertaining to organogenesis. 



Organogeny (or-gan-of -en-e) [opyavov, organ ; ytrvijq , 

 producing]. In biology, the history of the develop- 

 ment of organs. 



Organographism [or - gan - og* '- raf '- izrri) [opyavov, an 

 organ ; ypdoeiv, to write]. The demonstration of the 

 successive increase in size of an organ, by tracing its 

 outlines upon the skin. 



Organography (or-gan - og / - ra -fe) [bpyavov, organ ; 

 ypaoetv, to write]. A descriptive treatise of the 

 organs of an animal or plant. 



Organoid (or'-gan- oid) [bpyavov, an organ; elSo^, 

 like] . A term applied to tumors composed of several 

 tissues and resembling an organ, as carcinoma, 

 which somewhat resembles an epithelial gland. 



Organoleptic (or-gan-o-lep 1 '-tik) [bpyavov, organ ; '■ -- 

 tikoc, taking]. I. Making an impression upon some 

 organ, chiefly of special sense. 2. Plastic ; capable 

 of receiving organization. 



Organologic (or-gan-o-lo/'-ik ) [bp-. avov, organ; /.oyog, 

 science]. Pertaining to organology. 



Organologist (or-gan-ol' -o-jist) [bpyavov, organ ; ?.6yog, 

 science]. One versed in organology. 



Organology (or-gan-ol' -o-je) [bpyavov, an organ ; /.oyoc, 

 science]. The department of biology that treats of 

 the organs of plants and animals. 



Organon (or* -gan-ori) [bpyavov, an organ ; instrument] . 

 A code of principles. 



Organonomy (or-gan-on' '-o-me) [bpyavov, organ ; vduog, 

 law]. The totality of the natural laws of the conduct 

 and functions of organic life. 



Organonym (or-gan'- o-nim) [bpyaiw, an organ; 

 brvua, name]. The name of an organ or part. 



Organonymy (or- gan - on'- i in- e) [bpyavov, organ; 

 bwua, name]. A system of nomenclature of the 

 organs. 



Organopathic (or-gan-o-path' -ik ) [bpyavov, an organ ; 

 -att-K, disease]. Pertaining to Organopathism and to 

 Organopatny . 



Organopathism (or-gan-op' -ath-izni) [bpyavov, an or- 





