OVARIONCUS 



952 



OVARY 



Body of uterus. 2 

 Fallopian tube. 



Ovarioncus (o-va-re-ong' -kus) [ovarium, ovary ; dynoc, 

 tumor]. An ovarian tumor. 



Ovariorrhexis (0 - va -re-or- eks'- is) [ovarium, ovary ; 

 pfj%i<;, rupture]. Rupture of an 

 ovary. 



Ovariosteresis (o-va-re-o-ster-e' '-sis) 

 [ovarium, ovary ; orepr/oig, depriva- 

 tion] . Extirpation of an ovary. 



Ovariotomist (o - va - re - of- o - mist) 

 [ovarium, ovary; tojitj, a cutting]. 

 One who performs ovariotomy and, 

 by extension, also oophorectomy. 



Ovariotomy (o-va-re-of '-o-me) [ovari- 

 um, ovary; TOfii], a cutting]. Liter- 

 ally, incision of an ovary. Improp- 

 erly, the surgical removal of an 

 ovary ; synonymous with oophorec- 

 tomy. O., Abdominal, ovariotomy 

 through an abdominal incision. O., 

 Normal, a term for Battey's opera- 

 tion, q. v. in Operations, Table of. 

 O., Vaginal, removal of an ovary through an incision 

 in the vault of the vagina. 



Ovario-tubal (o-va' '-re-o-tu' ' -bat)[ovarium, ovary ; tuba, 

 tube]. Pertaining to the ovary and the oviduct. 



Ovarism (o'-var-izm) [ovarium, ovary]. The theory 

 that every animal organism is developed from an ovum. 



Ovarist (0' -var-ist) [ovarium, ovary]. One who be- 

 lieves in ovarism. 



Ovaritis (p-var-i' -tis) [ovarium, ovary; iric, inflamma- 

 tion]. ' Inflammation of the substance of an ovary. 

 It may be Parenchymatous or Follicular, or Interstitial. 

 In the former, the contents of the ovarian follicles 

 become turbid and then purulent. This occurs in 

 the acute exanthemata and other diseases, and cannot 

 be recognized clinically. Interstitial ovaritis is usu- 

 ally a sequel of parturition, when it is a part of a 

 general septicemia. It occurs in three forms: (1) 

 serous ; (2) suppurative or hemorrhagic ; and (3) ne- 

 crotic, the organ being converted into a brown pulp 

 with entire destruction of its tissue. 



Ovarium (o-va' -re-um) [L. , ovary: //., Ovaria\ In 

 biology, an ovary or oophoron. 



Ovariypertrophy (o-var-e-ip-er' -tro-fe). Synonym of 

 Oophorauxe. 



Ovary (o'-var-e) [ovarius, an egg-keeper; ovarium, an 

 egg-producing organ ; ovum, egg] . The most im- 

 portant part of the female reproductive apparatus. A 

 glandular, secreting organ, giving rise to ova. In 

 woman it is a paired organ projecting from the pos- 

 terior surface of" the broad ligament. Its weight is 

 about 100 grains. The right is usually a little larger 

 than the left. It consists of a parenchyma and a cap- 

 sule, or tunica albuginea. In the cortex of the former 

 are numbers of small vesicles called ovisacs or Graafian 

 follicles in which the ova are developed. In biology, 

 among the lowef organisms (e. g. , Paramecium ) 

 the nucleus gives rise to bodies analogous to ovules, 

 while in animals a grade higher, the undifferen- 

 tiated endoderm or mesoderm is the female germinal 

 layer (e. g., Porifera). Specialization follows localiza- 

 tion of function, and the parts of the body set aside 

 for the production of ova gradually take the form of 

 glands (germaria, ovaria) , the products of which may 

 become detached from the spot where they are formed, 

 and pass into the somatic or body-cavity, or into the 

 digestive sac {e.g., Actince, Polyzoa, Brachyopoda) , or 

 even directly to the exterior (e.g., Echiniciea, Proc- 

 tucha, Nemertea). Gradually, as the animal scale is 

 ascended, ducts of a complicated character are found 

 to be added to the ovary proper. These ducts are not 

 primitively connected with the germinal glands, but 



may be regarded as excretory organs which ha\ 

 entered into the service of the genital organ. The; 

 ducts {oviducts} become provided with appendages c 



Posterior Aspect of Female Internal Genitalia. 



, 2. Ovaries. 3. Left oviduct. 4 Fimbriated extremity of 

 5, 5. Broad ligaments. 6. Anterior vaginal cul-de-sac. 



dilatations from which the ova get special envelop 

 (" yelk gland," " shell gland," " oviducal gland,' 

 " nidamental gland," "accessory gland'"), are fer 

 tilized (spermatheca, appendicular gland, fertilizing 

 pouch), or further developed (uterus). The relatioi 

 of the ovary to the testis varies greatly, and must alsi 

 be considered from the standpoint of differentiation 

 In the lower animals, male and female reproductivt 



Section of Cortex of Cat's Ovary, Exhibit 

 Graafian Follicles. 



a. Peripheral zone of condensed stroma, b. Groups ol 

 ture follicles, c. Theca of follicle. </. Membrana ffl 

 losa. <?. Discus proligerus. f. Zona pellucida. . 



h. Germinal vesicle. 1. Germinal spot, 

 folliculi. {After riersol.) 



k Ca\ 



glands are so united with one another, thai 

 the same gland produces both spermatozoa mid 

 (" hermaphrodite gland," " ovotcstis," as in 

 Helix, Hyahra, etc.). Thus, hermaphroditism i> ' 



