PARASITES 



980 



PARASITES 



which have been found by Danthon de Moulin in the 

 human ear and in cutaneous wounds. — Anthomyia 

 scalaris, Fabricius, Judd. See Homalomyia scalaris, 

 Fabricius. — Aphrophora bifasciata. The frog- 

 hopper, a fly. A case is reported by Cobbold, after 

 Solly and Flower, in which the fly is stated to have 

 been the cause of dysuria in a woman. — Argas 

 americanus, de Geer. Syn., Argas chincha, Goudet ; 

 Amblyomma americanutn , Koch ; Amblyomma 

 tint punctata, Packard ; Ixodes americanus , Linne ; 

 Nigua chinche, the Lone-star Tick. Found in South 

 America. It attacks sleeping men and animals, pro- 

 ducing an irritation of the skin so intense as to cause 

 serious symptoms and even death. It is exceed- 

 ingly troublesome to horses on the prairies of Guate- 

 mala. — Argas chincha, Goudet. See Argas ameri- 

 canus, de Geer. — Argas de Fischer. See Argas 

 savignyi, P. Gervais. — Argas hermanni, Audouin. 

 See Argas reflexus, Latreille. — Argas marginatus, A. 

 Railliet (1886). See Argas reflexus , Latreille. — Argas 

 mauritianus, Guerin. A pest upon poultry in Mauri- 

 tius. It closely resembles Argas reflexus. — Argas 

 megnini, Duges. A lyriform species, very abundant 

 in the State of Guanajuato on the horse, ass, and ox, 

 principally upon the ears. It is often found on other 

 animals and on man. Megnin holds that the Ixodidce 

 so troublesome to animals, especially horses, in Mex- 

 ico, ought to be included in this species. — Argas 

 miniatus, Koch. See Argas reflexus, Latreille. — Ar- 

 gas moubouta, Murray. It is found in Angola on 

 man and animals. — Argas persicus, Fischer. Syn., 

 Miana Bug, Mianawanze, Malleh der Perser, Malleh 

 de Mianeh. It lives in the dwellings of the Persians, 

 especially in Miana ; it is also found in Egypt. It 

 attacks human beings at night, the bite being especially 

 troublesome to strangers. — Argas reflexus, Latreille, 

 1796 (nee Fabricius, 1794). Syn. , Acarus marginatus, 

 Fabricius (1794) ; Argas reflexus columbarum, Argas 

 marginatus, Railliet ; Argas hermanni, Audouin 

 (1812) ; Argas miniatus, Koch (1846) ; Rhynchoprion 

 columbm, Hermann (1808) ; Saumzecke. The Bordered 

 Argas. It is frequently found in dove-cotes in Italy and 

 France, rarely in Germany and England ; it sucks the 

 blood of pigeons, especially the young. It is nocturnal, 

 and is a very troublesome parasite, spreading rapidly, 

 limiting the rearing of pigeons, and wandering into 

 houses, where it attacks human beings, producing 

 painful vesicles, edema, and acute pruritus. Most active 

 measures should be employed to exterminate it, such 

 as hot water, lime, petroleum, insect-powder, soft soap. 

 Ziirn recommends washing the legs of the pigeons 

 with an alcoholic solution of balsam of Peru. Hugo 

 Engelmann takes the poison of this mite to be a toxal- 

 bumin. — Argas savignyi, P. Gervais. L' argas deSa- 

 vigny. Found by Savigny in Egypt. Regarded by Au- 

 douin as identical with A rgas persicus , Fischer. — Argas 

 talaje, Megnin, Guerin. Syn., Garapates, Telajes. 

 Found in dwellings in Central America. It is nocturnal, 

 and produces painful edema. — Argas tholozani, La- 

 boulbene and Megnin . Syn. , Argas of Tholozan, Kene 

 der Perser, Sheep-bug. Found on man and sheep in 

 Persia (Djemal abaci). — Argas turicata, Duges. Syn. , 

 Turicates. A parasite very troublesome to pigs and man 

 in Guanajuato, Mexico, frequently causing the death of 

 the former and of the fowls which feed on the para- 

 sites. — Ascarid of Man. See Ascaris lumbricoides, 

 Linne. — Ascarid of the Pig. See Ascaris suit/a, 

 Dujardin. Leuckart, Schneider, and others hold this 

 to be identical with the ascarid of man [Ascaris 

 /uinbricoides, Linne). — Ascarid of the Sheep. See 

 Ascaris ovis. — Ascaris brachyoptera, Rudolphi. See 

 Ascaris mystax, Rudolphi. — Ascaris canicutae, 



Schrank (1788). See Ascaris mystax, Rudolphi (1S01). 

 — Ascaris canis, Gmelin (1789). See Ascaris mystax, 

 Rudolphi (1801). — Ascaris canis aurei, Rudolphi 

 (1819). See Ascaris mystax Rudolphi (1 801). — As- 

 caris canis et martis, Schrank (1788). See Eustrm- 

 gylus gigas, Diesing (1851). — Ascaris cati, Schrank 

 (1788). See Ascaris mystax, Rudolphi (1801). — As- 

 caris columbae, Gmelin. See I/eterakis maculosa, Ru- 

 dolphi. — Ascaris conosoma, Jordens (1802), Lenz, 

 Brera, Bremser, Rudolphi, Diesing. Der Kegelwurm. 

 Found by Bretschneider in the human intestine. 

 According to Brera it is but the larva of Musca domes- 

 tica. — Ascaris crassa, Deslongchamps. Sec 

 his inflexa, Rudolphi. — Ascaris dispar. See Hetera- 

 his dispar, Schrank. — Ascaris ensicaudata, Ru- 

 dolphi. Found in the mouth of the mocking-bird 

 (A/imus polyglottus, Boie). — Ascaris felis, Gmelin. 

 See Ascaris mystax. — Ascaris filiformis cauda- 

 ratundata, Camper. See Ascaris vituli, Goeze.— 

 Ascaris gallinarum, Gmelin. See Heterakis papu- 

 losa, Bloch. — Ascaris gallopavonis, Gmelin. 

 See Heterakis itiflexa, Rudolphi. — Ascaris gib- 

 bosa, Rudolphi. Found in the intestine of the 

 domestic fowl. This is a doubtful species, found 

 only by Zeder in 1788, and described from mem- 

 ory in 1800. — Ascaris gigas, Goeze. See Ascaris 

 lumbricoides. — Ascaris inflexa, Rudolphi. Found in 

 the intestine of domestic fowls, and by Chatin in hen-' 

 eggs. Ercolani's statement regarding the di 

 this species and Heterakis vesicularis has no founda- 

 tion. — Ascaris ischnoptera, Creplin. Found in the 

 large intestine of the ostrich. — Ascaris leptoptera, 

 Rudolphi. See Ascaris mystax, Rudolphi. — Ascaris 

 lonchoptera, Diesing. Syn., Ascarides, Jackson; 

 Strongylus elephanti (sic). Rudolphi. Found in the 

 biliary ducts and duodenum of the Elephas imiicus, 

 discovered by Mayor in 1822; only the female has been 

 described. " The first helminth discovered to infest the 

 elephant, that very species about whose structure ana 

 economy we are least informed." (Cobbold.) — As- 

 caris lumbricoides, Linne (1758), Cloquet, Bloch, 

 Goeze. Syn. , "ETi/uvg, Hippocrates ; "E/unr nrfur. j vh/, 

 Aristotle; Tinea rotunda, Pliny; Lumbricus longuset 

 rotundus, Serapion ; Lumbricus rotundas, Caelius 

 Aurelianus; Pusaria lumbricoides, Zeder (1800); 

 Lumbricus teres hominis, Celse, Tyson, Redi Va 

 Ascaris gigas, Goeze (1782) ; Nematoidem 

 (ventriculi ), Degland, Leveille ; Nematoideum hominii 

 (viscerum), Pruner, Diesing; Ophiostoma 

 Cloquet, Delle Chiaje, Bremser ; Spuhuurm. Heli 

 by some to be identical with the Ascaris megalocepk* 

 of the horse and the Ascaris suilla of the hog. 

 parasite is of cosmopolitan distribution. It is found 

 abundantly in the human intestine, especially in ch'.l 

 dren, and in that of domestic hogs and cattle, in which ; 

 it reaches a somewhat larger size ; a single female t 

 calculated to lay fifty or sixty million eggs. The para 

 sites are erratic, sometimes passing into the ductus 1 

 choledochus, stomach, nasal fossa, Eustachian tu 

 larynx, trachea, and, by means of ulceration of tr 

 stomach and intestines, at times gaining entrance I 

 the peritoneal cavity. Reflex symptoms of no 111 as 

 hysteriform, epileptiform, or choreiform nature, j 

 coma, etc., may be directly traced to the present 

 of these parasites. Therapeusis : Santonin. 

 should not exceed J4-^ grain (o.oil to 0.0;' 

 gram) in each dose, or 1 x / 2 grains (0.065 to 0.0 

 gram) in the day ; it is best administered dissoh » 

 in castor-oil. Sodium santonate is preferred by tM"] 

 to santonin. Ammonium embellate is highly recom- 

 mended by Coronadi as less poisonous to the b 

 than other anthelmintics. The alga Alsidium {Cen 





