PARASITES 



982 



PARASITES 



(dorsal view). 

 art.) 



(After Leuck- 



and thus confused with Hcemopis sanguisuga, Berg- 

 mann. It is widely distributed over Europe and 

 leaves the water to hide under stones, feeding on earth- 

 worms, insect larvae, and small fishes. — Aulastoma 

 vorax, Gratiolet. See Aulastoma gulo, Moquin-Tan- 

 don. — Autumn Ixode. See Ixodes autumnalis, Leach. 

 — Autumnal Breeze-fly. See Tabanus autumnalis, 

 Linne. — Bacon-beetle. See Dermestes lardarius, 

 Linne. — Bacterioidomonas sporifera, Kunstler. 

 See Monocercomonas cavice, Davaine. — Balaninus 

 nucum, Linne. A beetle, the larvae of which is 

 reported as a facultative parasite of man by Henry, 

 Astley Cooper, and 

 Phillips. — Balantid- 

 i u m c o 1 i , Stein 

 (1862). Syn., Para- 

 mcecium coli, Malmsten 

 ( 1857 ) ; Plagiotoma 

 coli, Claparede and 

 Lachmann (1858); 

 Leucophrys coli, Stein 

 (i860); Holophrya 

 coli, Leuckart (1863). 

 An infusorian parasite B 



first observed in 1856 Balantidium coli, Stein; (B), 

 by Malmsten, and with widely opened peristome 

 since found abund- 

 antly in the colon of 

 the pig. It has also been found in man in Russia, 

 Sweden, Italy, Cochin-China, and China. In the 

 pig it causes no serious disturbance, but in man it gives 

 rise to profuse and obstinate diarrhea. Calandruccio, 

 Grassi, and Wising maintain that two distinct species 

 are classed under the name. According to Lindner this 

 parasite is practically limited to northern Europe, where 

 it is not uncommon for the peasantry to live in close and 

 constant association with their swine. Probably its 

 protective cysts or capsules enable it to resist the 

 action of the gastric juice. Diagnosis of its presence 

 in man or swine is readily made by the introduction 

 of a sound into the rectum, the infusoria being found 

 in the mucus and feculent matter brought out on the 

 instrument. Therapeusis : — Malmsten and Henschen 

 recommend enemata of dilute hydrocloric acid, or 

 of vinegar and tannic acid. — Balbiania gigantea, 

 Railliet (1886). A sporozoon parasite of the order 

 Sarcosporidice, which has been found in the con- 

 nective tissues of the sheep, goat, ox, deer, pig, 

 and eastern buffalo, especially in the muscular 

 layer of the esophagus, base of tongue, muscles of 

 pharynx, cheeks, neck, thorax, abdomen, and thighs. 

 The sudden symptoms of epizooty, asphyxia, and 

 epileptiform attacks seem to be due to edema of the 

 glottis. — Balbiania rileyi, Stiles. Found in the 

 intermuscular connective tissue of ducks (the shoveler 

 or shovel-bill duck, or spoon-bill duck [Spatula 

 clypeatas, and the mallard duck, or tame duck {Anas 

 boschas). — Bed-bug. See Cimex lectularius, Merrett 

 (1667). — Beinwurm. See Dracunculus medinetisis, 

 Cobbald. — Benchuate. See Conorhinus nigrovarius. 

 — Bete rouge. The native name in Guiana, the An- 

 tilles, and Honduras for Leptus irritans, q. v. — Bett- 

 wanze. See Cimex lectularius, Merrett (1667). — 

 Bewaffneter Bandwurm des Menschen. See 

 Tania solium, Linne. — Bicho. See Sarcopsylla pene- 

 trans, Westwood. — Bicho Colorado, of Argentine 

 Republic and Uruguay. See Tetranychus molestis- 

 simus, Weyenbergh. — Bilharzia bovis, Sonsino. See 

 Gynarcophorits crassa. — Bilharzia capensis, Harley. 

 See GyncBcophorus harmatobius (Bilharz), Diesing. — 

 Bilharzia crassa. See Gynacophorus crassa. — Bil- 

 harzia haematobia, Cobbold (1858). — Bilharzia 



Bilharzia haemato- 

 bia, Cobbold ; male 

 and female, the lat- 

 ter in the canalis 

 gyn&cophorus of the 

 former. (After 

 Leuckart.} 



magna, Cobbold. See Gyncecophorus hamatobius, 

 Diesing. — Bird - flea. See 

 Pulex avium, Taschenberg. — 

 Biseriated Menopon. See 

 Menopon biseriatum, Piaget. — 

 Biting Louse. See Trichodec- 

 tes scalaris, Nitzsch. — Black 

 Breeze-fly. See Tabanus mo- 

 rio, Latreille. — Black Leech. 

 See Aulastoma gulo, Brown. 

 — Black-mouthed Menopon. 

 See Menopon phceostomum, 

 Nitzsch. — Blaps mortisaga, 

 Linne. Syn., Todtenkafer, 

 Churchyard-beetle. The larva 

 of this beetle is recorded as a 

 facultative human parasite by 

 Pickells, Thompson, Belling- 

 ham, and Bateman. This beetle 

 is common about houses and 

 cellars in Europe from April 

 until harvest - time. — Blaue 

 Fleischfliege. See Calliphora 

 vomitoria, Robineau-Desvoidy. 

 — Blinding Breeze - fly, or 

 Blinding Chrysops. See Chrysops ccecutiens, Linne 

 — Blood-sucking Cone-nose. See Conorhinus.— 

 Blow-fly. See Calliphora vomitoria, Robineau- 

 Desvoidy. — Blue Flesh-fly, Bluebottle -fly. See 

 Calliphora vomitoria, Robineau-Desvoidy. — Bodies 

 of Laveran. See Polimitus malaria, Danilewsky. 

 — Bodo hominis, Saville Kent (1880). See Cer- 

 comonas hominis, Davaine (1854). — Bodo intes- 

 tinalis, Ehrenberg. Observed by Steinberg in the 

 white material found between human teeth. Leuck- 

 art regards it of doubtful parasitic nature. — Bodo 

 muscae domestical, Burnett. See Herpeton 

 muscce domesticce, Kent — Bodo saltans, Ehrenl 

 Found by Wedl in great numbers in unhealthy 

 ulcers in man. Leuckart doubts if it is parasitic. 

 — Bodo socialis, Ehrenberg. This was observed 

 by Steinberg in the white substance obtained from 

 between human teeth. Leuckart doubts its para- 

 sitic nature. — Bodo urinarius, Hassal (1859). It i> 

 frequently found in the albuminous, alkaline urine ot 

 cholera-patients. R. Blanchard considers it as acci- 

 dentally occurring in the urine and not a parasitic 

 species. — Bodo urinarius, Kunstler (1883). 

 Cystomonas urinaria, R. Blanchard (1885). — 

 Body-louse. See Pediculus vestimenti, Leach. — 

 Boophilus bovis (Riley), Curtice. Syn. , Hamapm 

 salis rosea, Koch ; Ixodes annulatus. Say : 

 bovis, Riley; Ixodes dugesii, P. Gervais (1844.") ; Fxm 

 indentatus, Gamgee ; Ixodes reduvius, De Geer. The 

 cattle-tick ; the most widely distributed of all the 1 

 occurring in America southward from the northern 

 line of the southern cattle-fever area, to M< 

 Cuba, South America, and also in northern Africa imt 

 southern Europe ; it is probably a native of N. Africa 

 This is the active agent in spreading Texas cattle-fever. 

 Treatment : Almost any oily or greasy material.— 

 Bot-fly of Cattle. See Hypoderma bovis, Latreille. 

 — Bot-fly of the Horse.' See Gastrophilus 

 Fabricius. — Bothriocefalo largo, Bothriocephale 

 large. See Bothriocephalus lotus. — Bothriocephalus 

 canis, Ercolani and Bassi. See Bothriocephalic 

 Bremser(i8i9). — Bothriocephalus cordatus, 1 eudi 

 art (1863). Syn., Dibothrium cordatum, Diesiag 

 It is found in Iceland and North Greenland in the 

 human body, also in walrus and seal (Phoca barbata< 

 and in dogs. It is smaller than />'. laftts : 7 

 vulgaris, Linne and Pallas, may be identical will' 



