PARASITES 



983 



PARASITES 



species. The larval stage is found in a fish. — 



cefalo ; The Broad Tapeworm, Bradley (1813). The 

 largest cestode helminth at present known to infest 

 the human body. Switzerland forms the first center 

 for this parasite, and the Russian and Swedish prov- 

 inces on the shore of the Baltic the second. It ap- 

 pears to be increasing in Germany and Italy. It is 

 not rare in Denmark. Ijima reports it in Japan, re 

 ferring to the fish Buchorrhynchus perryi as the 

 host of the larva. Belgium, Holland, England, Scot- 

 land, and America are practically free from this para- 



DTHRIOCEPH A- 

 LUS CORDATLS, 



.Leuckart : adult. 

 UAfter Leuckart.) 



Four young speci- 

 mens of BOTHRI- 

 OCEPHALUS COR- 



Datus, Leuckart; 

 (nat. size). {.Af- 

 ter Leuckart?) 



Head and ante- 

 rior portion of 



BOTHRIOCEPHA- 

 Ll'S CORDATUS, 



Leuckart; seen 

 ( A ) from tb<? 

 side, and (B) 

 from the surface. 

 (X 3-) (After 

 Leuckart.) 



Bothriocephalus cristatus, Davaine (1874). Syn. , 

 riocefalo a cresta. It has been found in man in a 

 few cases in Europe. A doubtful variety, possibly a 

 monstrosity, and so considered by Moniez. — Both- 

 riocephalus decipiens, Diesing. This is found in 

 the intestines of several wild Felidce, and includes, 

 according to Diesing, Bothriocephalus felis, Creplin 

 (1825), of the domestic cat, q. v. — Bothriocephalus 

 dubius, Krabbe. This was found by Krabbe in a 

 dog at Reykjavik, and resembles Bothriocephalus fus- 



l cus, q. v. — Bothriocephalus felis, Creplin (1825). 



i Syn., Bothriocephalus decipiens, Diesing. This is found 

 in the intestines of domestic cats, and in general features 



I it resembles Bothriocephalus latus, Bremser, except in 

 dimensions. — Bothriocephalus fuscus, Krabbe. 



; Syn. , Bothriocephalus reticulatus et dubius, Krabbe. 

 ThU is found in the intestine of the dog in Iceland. — 

 Bothriocephalus hominis, Lamarck. — Bothrio- 

 cephalus latus (Linne), Bremser (1819), Blainville, 

 Rudolphi. Syn., Bothriocefalo largo; Bothrioceph- 

 ale large; Bothriocephalus cam's, Ercolani and Grassi; 

 Bothriocephalus hominis. Lamarck ; Dibothrium 



j latum, Diesing (1850) ; The Swiss Taperoortn, Taenia 



\lata, Linne (1748), Bloch, Goeze ; Tenia veterum, 



Spiegel (1618) ; Taenia sive fascia intestinorum , 



.el (161S1; Tenia de la second espece, Andry 



(1700); Tenia a ipine, Andry (1700) ; The Broad 



! Tapeworm, Bradley (1813) ; Tenia vulgaris, Linne 



i (1748), Werner, Retzius, Gmelin ; Tenia dentata, 

 Batsch (1786), Gmelin ; Tenia tenella, Pallas (1781), 

 Retzius ; Tenia grisea, Schrank ; Tenia a article 

 courtes, Bonnet ; Tenia lata event, grisea, Pallas 

 (1766) ; Tenia prima, Plater (1603); Tenia mem- 

 branacea, Pallas (1781), Batsch ; Tenia humanis 

 inemiis, Brera (1802) ; Breiter Grubenkopfwurm, 

 •iter Bandwurm des Menschen, Grande bothrio- 



Club-shaped head of 

 Both r iocephalus 

 latus, Bremser. 

 A, Seen from the 

 edge ; B, from the 

 flat surface. (X 5.) 

 (After Leuckart.) 



Bothriocephalus lat- 

 us, Bremser. (After 

 Leuckart.) 



Free-swimming embryo of 

 Bothriocephalus lat- 

 us, Bremser. (X 500.) 

 (After Leuckart.) 



site. It appears not to be rare in dogs in Italy and 

 Russia. The larva or finn has been found in a large 

 number of fishes; e. g., the perch, turbot, sea-trout, 

 salmon, pike, stint, etc. Its prevalence is due 

 to the custom of eating fish imperfectly cured or 

 cooked. The fish is possibly not the only provisional 

 host, but is infected by eating some mollusc possess- 

 ing the parasite in a hydatid condition. It is 

 claimed that this parasite gives rise to all the symp- 

 toms of pernicious anemia. — Bothriocephalus ligu- 

 loides, Leuckart (1886). See Bothriocephalus man- 

 soni, R. Blanchard (1886).— 

 Bothriocephalus longicollis, 

 Molin. Found in the intestine 

 of the domestic fowl in Italy. 

 It gives rise to loss of appetite, 

 emaciation, feebleness, diar- 

 rhea, and epileptiform attacks. 

 The powdered bark of pome- 

 granate-root — a teaspoonful for 

 every fifty head — mixed with the 

 poultry-food is regarded as the 

 best treatment of teniasis in 

 fowls. — B othriocephalus 

 mansoni, R. Blanchard (1886). 

 Syn., Bothriocephalus liguloides, 

 Ligula mansoni, Cobbold (1883) 



Head of Bothrio- 

 cephalus man- 

 soni, R. Blan- 

 chard. (X3-) 

 (After Leuckart.) 



Leuckart (1886). 

 This is found in 



the human peritoneum, and is known only in the 



